地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (3): 411-420.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201903001
• 土地利用与生态系统服务 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2018-03-26
修回日期:
2018-12-10
出版日期:
2019-03-25
发布日期:
2019-03-19
作者简介:
张学珍(1981-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事气候变化研究。E-mail: <email>xzzhang@igsnrr.ac.cn</email>
基金资助:
Xuezhen ZHANG1(), Caishan ZHAO2, Jinwei DONG1, Quansheng GE1(
)
Received:
2018-03-26
Revised:
2018-12-10
Published:
2019-03-25
Online:
2019-03-19
Supported by:
摘要:
当前耕地撂荒已成为一种日益普遍的土地利用变化现象,对粮食安全和生态环境具有重要影响。为揭示1992-2017年中国耕地撂荒的时空特征及驱动机制,采用集成分析的思路,对县(市)域尺度撂荒的研究成果进行了汇总梳理,从中提取撂荒时间、位置、规模(程度)、成因等信息,并进行了荟萃分析。结果发现:1992-2017年全国范围内有撂荒记录的县(市)共165个,主要分布于南方,集中分布区呈逆时针旋转90°的“T”字型,纵轴自北至南贯穿甘肃东南部、四川东部、重庆境内,直至贵州西部和云南北部;横轴位于长江中下游地区,自西向东贯穿湖北、湖南、安徽、江西。其中,湖南、四川、安徽有撂荒记录的县(市)数量较多,分别为24个、23个、21个,其次是湖北、重庆、福建、甘肃、云南,均超过10个。“T”字型结构的形成经历两个阶段,大致以2010年为界,此前有撂荒记录的县(市)为102个,集中分布于沿长江中下游的东西向带状区域,形成横轴;此后新增63个县(市),集中分布于自甘肃东南部至贵州西部和云南北部地区的南北向带状区域,形成纵轴。撂荒格局的形成过程与区域经济发展和产业结构调整背景下的农业劳动力析出基本同步。农业收益低和劳动力不足分别是86%和78%的县(市)撂荒形成的共性因素。
张学珍, 赵彩杉, 董金玮, 葛全胜. 1992-2017年基于荟萃分析的中国耕地撂荒时空特征[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 411-420.
Xuezhen ZHANG, Caishan ZHAO, Jinwei DONG, Quansheng GE. Spatio-temporal pattern of cropland abandonment in China from 1992 to 2017: A Meta-analysis[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(3): 411-420.
表1
撂荒“T”字型区域主要省份的人均GDP(千元)
年份 | 浙江 | 福建 | 安徽 | 江西 | 湖北 | 湖南 | 四川 | 重庆 | 贵州 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992-1996 | 7.03 | 5.71 | 2.89 | 2.65 | 3.36 | 2.99 | 2.72 | 3.42 | 1.65 |
1997-2001 | 12.46 | 10.32 | 4.75 | 4.50 | 5.76 | 5.11 | 4.64 | 5.97 | 2.58 |
2002-2006 | 23.82 | 16.51 | 7.68 | 8.23 | 10.13 | 9.24 | 8.02 | 10.84 | 4.59 |
2007-2011 | 46.61 | 35.24 | 17.89 | 18.79 | 24.20 | 21.61 | 18.62 | 24.43 | 11.66 |
2012-2016 | 73.58 | 63.26 | 34.06 | 33.04 | 46.85 | 38.42 | 33.53 | 48.04 | 26.55 |
表3
撂荒“T”字型区域主要省份的粮食播种面积(103 hm2)
年份 | 浙江 | 福建 | 安徽 | 江西 | 湖北 | 湖南 | 四川 | 重庆 | 贵州 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992-1996 | 2888 | 2021 | 5918 | 3463 | 4844 | 5124 | 7057 | - | 2782 |
1997-2001 | 2533 | 1927 | 5996 | 3427 | 4503 | 5040 | 7065 | 2832 | 3093 |
2002-2006 | 1461 | 1450 | 6283 | 3316 | 3796 | 4664 | 6359 | 2450 | 3009 |
2007-2011 | 1262 | 1220 | 6576 | 3599 | 4018 | 4722 | 6422 | 2229 | 2964 |
2012-2016 | 1263 | 1192 | 6633 | 3695 | 4383 | 4937 | 6461 | 2245 | 3121 |
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