中国超级杂交稻在孟印缅地区的生产潜力模拟

doi:10.11821/dlxb201811010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻是孟加拉国、印度和缅甸最重要的粮食作物,研究中国超级杂交稻对孟印缅地区的水稻增产潜力,对于保障孟中印缅经济走廊的粮食安全与区域可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。在全面收集孟印缅地区气候、土壤、田间管理信息和农业统计数据的基础上,结合中国籼型杂交稻F优498和丰两优4号的品种信息和区试数据,通过EPIC模型模拟了1996-2005年雨季孟印缅3国在不同情景下的超级稻生产潜力,并分析了孟印缅地区主要胁迫因子对超级稻单产潜力的影响。研究表明：① 中国超级杂交稻在孟印缅地区2000年的灌溉和施肥水平下单产潜力为10.22 t/ha,在充分灌溉且合理施肥的水平下单产潜力为11.33 t/ha。② 孟印缅地区雨季稻的增产空间达22771万t,水稻增产潜力最大的地区是印度的恒河平原东部、印度半岛东南沿海与缅甸的伊洛瓦底三角洲。③ 印度德干高原东北部、西南部和印度大平原西北部需要进一步完善灌溉设备以满足高产水稻用水,缅甸的中南部平原地区和印度的东北地区则需要增施氮肥以满足高产水稻用肥。

关键词: 超级杂交稻, 生产潜力, 产量差, EPIC模型, 孟中印缅经济走廊

Abstract:

In this study, information is collected from statistics on the weather, soils, field management and agriculture in the Bangladesh, India and Myanmar (BIM) region. Crop growth parameters within the EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) model are calibrated using cultivar data and regional experimental records of indica hybrid rice Fyou498 and Fengliangyou4 in China. Potential yields of rice are then simulated in the BIM region from 1996 to 2005. The effects of local irrigation and fertilization levels on super hybrid rice yield are examined. The potential yields of Chinese hybrid rice at local irrigation and fertilization levels in 2000 and at full irrigation and rational fertilization levels are found to be 10.22 t/ha and 11.33 t/ha, respectively. The potential for increasing monsoon rice production in the study area is 227.71 million tonnes. The eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, the southeast coast of India Peninsula and the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar have the largest potentials for monsoon rice production. It is necessary for the northeastern and southwestern parts of the Deccan Plateau and the northwestern part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain to improve irrigation equipment to meet the water-use requirements of high-yield rice. The central and southern plains in Myanmar and northeastern India should have greater access to nitrogen fertilization for high-yield rice.

Key words: super hybrid rice, potential productivity, yield gap, EPIC model, the BCIM-EC

王小博, 王绍强, 陈敬华, 崔惠娟, 吴宜进, N H RAVINDRANATH, A RAHMAN. 中国超级杂交稻在孟印缅地区的生产潜力模拟[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(11): 2184-2197.

WANG Xiaobo, WANG Shaoqiang, CHEN Jinghua, CUI Huijuan, WU Yijin, N H RAVINDRANATH, A RAHMAN. Modelling potential productivity of Chinese super hybrid rice in Bangladesh, India and Myanmar[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(11): 2184-2197.

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