北京大学生物地理学与生态学的发展与成就

doi:10.11821/dlxb201711006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北京大学的生物地理学研究始于1953年成立的植物地理小组,1991年拓展为景观生态学教研室,21世纪初发展为生态学系。半个多世纪以来,依托地理学系（现城市与环境学院）,北京大学生物地理学与生态学研究团队极大地推动了植被结构、功能和动态研究,在干旱半干旱区、高山林线等关键地区的植物地理学研究方面取得了开创性的成果,在此基础上有力地推动了以景观生态学和城市生态学为代表的宏观生态学研究。近年来,围绕全球变化和生物多样性等全球关注的热点问题,北京大学生物地理学与生态学研究团队在气候变化及生态响应、碳循环、生物多样性、植物化学计量学等前沿方向开展了开创性的工作,并服务于气候变化的适应对策、生物多样性保护等国家战略。目前,北京大学生物地理学与生态学研究在软硬件建设方面都取得了长足的进步,建设了塞罕坝生态站等观测设施和全国树木生长、森林施肥实验、高山林线监测等平台,形成并延续了国家自然科学基金委“中国陆地植被的格局与功能”创新研究团队。未来将加强不同尺度生态学研究方法的整合,同时围绕区域生态退化开展生态修复的支撑研究。

关键词: 北京大学, 生物地理学, 生态学, 回顾, 展望

Abstract:

The biogeography research at Peking University commenced in the late 1950s with formation of a Plant Geography Group. It was expanded to the Teaching and Research Section of Landscape Ecology in the late 1980s and further grown into the Department of Ecology at the beginning of the 21st century. As a part of the Department of Geography (Now College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University), biogeographical and ecological research team of Peking University has greatly improved the research of vegetation structure, function and dynamics with efforts of more than half a century. It has made pioneering achievements on research about plant geography in arid and semiarid areas, timberline and other ecologically important areas. It is among the first institutions in the country to promote macro-ecology including landscape ecology and urban ecology. In recent years, the Peking University research team has carried out pioneering work on global change studies, including climate change and ecological response, carbon cycle, biodiversity conservation, plant stoichiometry, serving the country's policy of mitigating and adapting climate change and conserving biodiversity. Research facilities of Peking University biogeography and ecology team have renewed and built over the last years. The construction of observation facilities in Saihanba Ecological Station, the platforms of forest fertilization experiment, and timberline monitoring strongly enhance the ability of biogeographical and ecological studies. The National Natural Science Foundation Innovation Research Team "Structure and function of terrestrial vegetation in China" has played a role of research integration. In the future, the integration of different scales of ecological research will be strengthened and ecological degradation and restoration will be promoted.

Key words: Peking University, biogeography, ecology, retrospect, prospect

刘鸿雁, 唐艳鸿. 北京大学生物地理学与生态学的发展与成就[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(11): 1997-2008.

Hongyan LIU, Yanhong TANG. Development and achievements of biogeography and ecology at Peking University[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(11): 1997-2008.

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