地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (9): 1555-1568.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201709002

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基于模式优选的21世纪中国气候变化情景集合预估

张学珍1(), 李侠祥2, 徐新创3(), 张丽娟2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
    2. 哈尔滨师范大学 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室,哈尔滨 150025
    3. 湖北科技学院资源环境科学与工程学院,咸宁 437100
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-10 修回日期:2016-07-18 出版日期:2017-09-30 发布日期:2017-09-30
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：张学珍(1981-), 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事地—气相互作用研究。E-mail: xzzhang@igsnrr.ac.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0605303);国家自然科学基金项目(91325302, 41471171);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所杰出青年人才基金项目(2015RC101);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2015038);湖北省教育厅人文社科重点基金项目(16D094)

Ensemble projection of climate change scenarios of China in the 21st century based on the preferred climate models

Xuezhen ZHANG1(), Xiaxiang LI2, Xinchuang XU3(), Lijuan ZHANG2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
    3. The School of Resources Environment Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, China
  • Received:2017-05-10 Revised:2016-07-18 Published:2017-09-30 Online:2017-09-30
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China, No.2017YFA0605303;National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.91325302, No.41471171;Outstanding Young Scholars from IGSNRR, No.2015RC101;Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS, No.2015038;Key Fund of Humanities and Social Science of Hubei Provincial Education Department, No.16D094

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摘要：

未来气候变化情景预估是制定气候变化应对和适应策略的科学基础。本文利用参与耦合模式比较计划第五阶段（CMIP5）的30个气候模式的模拟数据,通过评估各模式对历史气候变化的模拟能力,筛选出模拟区域气候变化的最优模式组合,进而建立偏最小二乘回归（PLS）集合预估模型,据此利用最优模式模拟结果预估区域温度和降水变化情景。通过与历史数据的对比,研究发现本文基于最优模式建立的PLS集合预估模型不仅优于传统的多模式集合平均,而且也优于利用全部模式建立的PLS集合预估模型,体现了模式优选过程的重要性。本文基于优选模式的PLS集合预估模型预估结果表明：① 21世纪各区域温度将持续上升,且冬半年升温速率总体大于夏半年,北方地区升温速率总体高于南方地区;RCP 4.5排放情景下温度上升先快后慢,转折点出现在21世纪中期,RCP 8.5排放情景下,呈持续增加趋势,至21世纪末的升温幅度约为RCP 4.5情景的2倍。② 21世纪各区降水变化均呈显著增加趋势,并表现出高排放情景大于低排放情景,少雨区大于多雨区的特征,但是降水增加过程伴有明显的年代际波动。对比发现,传统的等权重集合平均全部模式（EMC）方法预估的中国夏季变暖速率高于冬季,且降水基本呈线性增加,有悖于全球变暖的基本特征及中国降水具有鲜明的年代际变化特征的基本认识。因而,本文预估的温度和降水变化特征均更符合中国气候变化的基本规律。

关键词: CMIP5, 中国气候变化, 模式优选, 多模式集合, 情景预估

Abstract:

Projection of future climate change scenarios provides the scientific basis for addressing climate change and for proposing strategies of adapting climate change. This study used the simulation data of 30 climate models, which were evolved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Through evaluating the performance of each model on simulating the historical climate change, the preferred climate models were selected. Then, using the outputs of preferred climate models as independent variables and using ground measurements as dependent variables, the partial least squares regression (PLS) models were constructed for temperature and precipitation, respectively, of each region of China. By analyzing the ensemble predictions of regional temperature and precipitation changes, we found that the PLS ensemble mean of preferred climate models is closer to the ground measurements than the PLS ensemble mean of all of the climate models and the traditionally arithmetic average-based ensemble mean. The PLS ensemble projections of preferred climate model showed that climate warming would generally continue during the 21st century, which would be stronger in the cold half-year and in the northern regions than that in the warm half-year and in the southern regions. Under the scenario of RCP 4.5, the climate warming would be stronger in the first half of the 21st century and weaker in the second half. Under the scenario of RCP 8.5, the climate warming would keep nearly constant rate and, by the end of 21st century, the temperature would rise by two folds of that under the scenario of RCP 4.5. The increasing trend of precipitation would be stronger under the scenario of RCP 8.5 than that under the scenario of RCP 4.5 and would be stronger in the dry regions than that in the rainy regions with decadal oscillations. Finally, the equal weighting ensemble projections of all of the climate models exhibit that climate warming would be stronger in summer than in winter and that precipitation would increase linearly without decadal oscillations. These findings are opposite to the primary characters of climate changes that climate warming is stronger in winter than in summer and precipitation has strong inter-decadal variability. Thereby, the PSL-based ensemble mean of preferred climate model may provide reasonable projections of future temperature and precipitation changes.

Key words: CMIP5, climate change, preferred models, scenario, China