生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展

doi:10.11821/dlxb201707012

地理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (7): 1277-1289.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201707012

生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展

马琳^1,^2,³, 刘浩⁴, 彭建³, 吴健生^2,³()

1. 山东大学县域发展研究院,青岛 266200
2. 北京大学城市规划与设计学院城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,深圳 518055
3. 北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
4. 北京大学政府管理学院,北京 100871

收稿日期:2016-07-15 修回日期:2017-03-22 出版日期:2017-08-07 发布日期:2017-08-07
作者简介:
作者简介：马琳(1988-), 女, 河北沧州人, 博士, 助理研究员, 中国地理学会会员(S110010111M), 研究方向为土地利用、城市与区域规划。E-mail: linma2007@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330747)

A review of ecosystem services supply and demand

Lin MA^1,^2,³, Hao LIU⁴, Jian PENG³, Jiansheng WU^2,³()

1. Institute for Studies in County Development, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, Shandong, China
2. Key Laboratory for Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
3. Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
4. School of Government, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2016-07-15 Revised:2017-03-22 Published:2017-08-07 Online:2017-08-07
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 41330747

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态系统为人类供给产品与服务,人类对其产品与服务形成需求和消费,供需两者共同构成生态系统服务从自然生态系统流向人类社会系统的动态过程。对生态系统服务的供给和需求进行识别、度量、空间化及均衡分析是生态系统服务研究的重要组成部分,有助于生态系统有效管理以及自然资源合理配置,为生态系统服务付费和生态补偿提供理论支撑。本文基于国内外理论和案例研究成果,首先梳理生态系统服务供给和需求的含义,其次总结和对比从供需空间特征角度对生态系统服务的分类,并归纳生态系统供给和需求的空间化方法,最后从实际供给和潜在供给、实现需求和总量需求、供需数量和空间关系3个方面探讨生态系统服务供需均衡分析框架。

关键词: 实际供给, 潜在供给, 实现需求, 总量需求, 生态系统服务流, ARIES

Abstract:

Natural ecosystems supply tangible products and intangible services, which are demanded and consumed by human beings. Therefore, supply and demand make up the dynamic process of ecosystem services flowing from natural ecosystems to human society. The process of identifying, measuring, mapping and conducting an equilibrium analysis of the supply and demand of ecosystem services is beneficial for the effective management of natural ecosystems and optimal allocation of natural resources. Moreover, this can provide theoretical support to payments for environmental services and ecological compensation, thus promoting ecological security and sustainable development. Although the study of ecosystem services supply and demand is important, related studies are limited in China and are mainly focused on Europe and North America. Based on the theory and case studies conducted in China and other countries, this paper first presented the definition of ecosystem services supply and demand, including actual supply, potential supply, satisfied demand, and total demand. Second, the classifications of ecosystem services were compared based on their spatial characteristics. Third, the methods of mapping ecosystem services supply and demand were divided as follows: (1) land use estimation, which needs simple operation and limited data, may cause errors due to the loss of internal heterogeneity and boundary effects; (2) ecological process simulation is mostly applied in water-related ecosystem services, showing detailed and reliable results with multi-calculation; (3) spatial data superposition, which is an ideal method for mapping ecosystem services with complete spatial data sets; (4) expert knowledge, where the mapping of ecosystem services supply and demand is decided by a group of experts or is based on the previous related findings; however, the mapping principle followed in a local study may not be applicable to studies conducted at other places; and (5) the use of integrated models InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs), which is suitable for supply analysis, and ARIES (ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services), maps service flow from natural ecosystems to human beings. Finally, we discussed the equilibrium analysis framework for ecosystem services supply and demand from three angles: actual supply and potential supply, satisfied demand and total demand, and the spatial and quantitative relation between supply and demand.

Key words: actual supply, potential supply, satisfied demand, total demand, ecosystem services flow, ARIES

马琳, 刘浩, 彭建, 吴健生. 生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(7): 1277-1289.

Lin MA, Hao LIU, Jian PENG, Jiansheng WU. A review of ecosystem services supply and demand[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(7): 1277-1289.

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方法	优点	缺点	适用特征	生态系统服务类型
土地利用估计	操作简便,数据要求低	易导致内部异质性和边缘效应缺失,结果存在一定误差	数据有限	授粉^[21],驼鹿狩猎^[22],能源供给^[18]
生态过程模拟	结果详尽可靠	操作复杂,对数据要求高	水文类生态系统服务的供给研究	洪水调节^{[24, 25]}
数据空间叠置	操作简便	对数据要求高	具备服务影响因素的空间数据	气候调节、地下水灌溉^[21]
专家经验判别	对数据要求低	空间化准则的普适性差	背景材料充分或建立专家团队	食物供给、气候调节、娱乐活动等^[28],水净化、木材生产、美学价值^{[19, 29]}
InVEST模型	操作简便,适用性强	难以进行需求分析	供给研究	水供给^[32]
ARIES模型	刻画生态系统服务空间流动	模型功能有限,对中国的适用性尚不明确	碳固定和存储等8类生态系统服务	水供给^[34],碳固定和存储、水库泥沙调节、观光游览等^[35]

生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展

A review of ecosystem services supply and demand

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