农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究进展

doi:10.11821/dlxb201707001

地理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (7): 1139-1150.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201707001

所属专题：气候变化与地表过程

• • 下一篇

农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究进展

刘凤山^1,², 陈莹², 史文娇^1,³, 张帅^1,³, 陶福禄^1,³, 葛全胜^1,³

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心,福州 350002
3. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049）

收稿日期:2016-12-15 修回日期:2017-03-24 出版日期:2017-08-07 发布日期:2017-08-07
作者简介:
作者简介：刘凤山(1986-), 男, 山东潍坊人, 博士, 助理研究员, 研究领域为生态治理和农业气象学。E-mai: liufs.11b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M601115)国家自然科学基金项目(41571088, 41371002)

Influences of agricultural phenology dynamics on land surface biophysical processes and climate feedback: A review

Fengshan LIU^1,², Ying CHEN², Wenjiao SHI^1,³, Shuai ZHANG^1,³, Fulu TAO^1,³, Quansheng GE^1,³

1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2016-12-15 Revised:2017-03-24 Published:2017-08-07 Online:2017-08-07
Supported by:
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No.2016M601115National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41571088, No.41371002]

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表过程对全球变化的响应和反馈是地球系统科学研究的核心课题之一,目前的研究多关注全球变化对地表过程的影响,而地表动态过程对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究较少。系统认识地表物候动态对生物物理过程及气候的反馈对深化地球系统科学研究有着重要的意义。本文从农业物候动态的事实、农业物候动态在陆面过程模型中的参数化表达、农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈等方面进行综述,发现在气候变化和管理措施影响下,以种植期和灌浆期为代表的农业物候期发生了显著的规律性变化;耦合农业物候动态,改善了模型对地表动态过程、生物物理过程和大气过程的数字化表达;农业物候变化对地表净辐射、潜热、感热、反照率和气温、降水、环流等过程产生了影响,并表现出以地表能量分配为主的气候反馈机理。针对农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候效应的时空重要性,需要继续开展以下方面的工作：① 加强全球变化对地表物候动态的影响及其反馈的综合研究;② 不同光谱波段地表反射率与农业物候动态的关系研究;③ 农业物候动态引起的作物生理学特征变化在地表生物物理过程中的贡献;④ 重视不同气候区物候动态对气候反馈效应的差异。

关键词: 农业物候, 地表生物物理过程, 陆面过程模型, 气候反馈

Abstract:

The response and feedback of land surface processes to climate change constitute a research priority in the field of geosciences. Previous studies have focused on the impacts of global climate change on land surface processes; however, the feedback of land surface processes to climate change remains unknown. It has become increasingly meaningful under the framework of Earth system science to understand systematically the relationships between agricultural phenology dynamics and biophysical processes, as well as their feedback to climate change. This study summarized research progress in this field, including agricultural phenology change, parameterization of phenology dynamics in land surface process models, and the influence of agricultural phenology dynamics on biophysical processes, as well as its feedback to climate. The results showed that the agricultural phenophase, represented by paramount phenological phases such as sowing, flowering, and maturity, has shifted significantly because of the impacts of climate change and agronomic management. Digital expressions of dynamic land surface processes, as well as biophysical and atmospheric processes, have been improved by coupling phenology dynamics in land surface models. Agricultural phenology dynamics influence net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, the albedo, temperature, precipitation, and circulation, thus, play an important role in surface energy partitioning and climate feedback. Considering the importance of agricultural phenology dynamics in land surface biophysical processes and climate feedback, the following research priorities have been identified: (1) interactions between climate change and land surface phenology dynamics, (2) relationships between agricultural phenology dynamics and different land surface reflectivity spectra, (3) contributions of changes in crop physiological characteristics to land surface biophysical processes, and (4) regional differences of climate feedback from phenology dynamics in different climatic zones. This review will be helpful in accelerating the understanding of the role of agricultural phenology dynamics in land surface processes and climate feedback.

Key words: agricultural phenology, land surface biophysical processes, land surface process model, climate feedback

刘凤山, 陈莹, 史文娇, 张帅, 陶福禄, 葛全胜. 农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(7): 1139-1150.

Fengshan LIU, Ying CHEN, Wenjiao SHI, Shuai ZHANG, Fulu TAO, Quansheng GE. Influences of agricultural phenology dynamics on land surface biophysical processes and climate feedback: A review[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(7): 1139-1150.

图/表 3

表 1

世界主要作物在主要分布区的物候变化特征及其驱动因素

分布区	作物	物候期变化	驱动因素	文献
中国	冬小麦	种植期、出苗期、休眠期分别延迟1.5 d/decade、1.7 d/decade和1.5 d/decade;春季发芽、开花和成熟分别提前1.1 d/decade、2.7 d/decade和1.4 d/decade。	温度增加缩减生长期、品种积温增加延长生殖生长期、日照长度降低延长营养生长期。	[29-31]
中国	夏玉米	36.6%站点成熟期延长,41.1%站点生育期延长;生殖生长期延长2.4~3.7 d/decade。	平均温度增加降低生育期,品种更新延迟开花期和成熟期;适应温度增加的种植期提前策略。	[32-34]
中国	玉米	种植、拔节和开花期提前,成熟期推迟,营养生长期缩短,生殖生长期和生育期延长。	全球变暖加快玉米发育和缩短生长期;降水减少一定程度缩短生长期;品种更新延长生长期。	[34]
美国	玉米	种植期提前4.2 d/decade;种植—收获期增长5 d/decade;成熟—收割期变短3 d/decade。	生殖生长期有效积温需求增加14%;生长期更长的玉米品种;灌溉增加和施肥增加与品种更新的交互作用。	[25]
美国	大豆	种植期提前4.9 d/decade;收割期提前4.9 d/decade。	气温升高造成种植期提前,并有助于维持成熟期的稳定;品种更新造成更长的生殖生长期。	[25]
欧洲中部和北部	禾本科(小麦、燕麦和玉米)	种植期提前1~3周;开花期和成熟期提前1~3周。	根据超过1500条站点记录设定模型,燕麦和小麦种植期—开花期发育依赖温度和昼长,玉米依赖温度;3种植物的开花期—成熟期发育仅依赖温度。	[26]
西班牙	禾谷类作物(燕麦、小麦、黑麦、大麦和玉米)	冬小麦春季的物候期提前;小麦和燕麦旗叶鞘肿提前30 d/decade;开花期提前10 d/decade。	物候开始之前的温度变化是物候趋势的主要因素;人类干预降低物候变化对产量的影响。	[27]
德国	玉米	播种期、出苗期、开始收获期分别提前1.7 d/decade、3.3 d/decade和1.3 d/decade;播种—出苗间隔减小1.6 d/decade;出苗—收获增加2.1 d/decade。	春季温度增加使提前播种成为可能;5月份强烈增温加速了植物发育,对出苗期影响最严重。	[28]
哈萨克斯坦	小麦	NDVI峰值提前4~7 d	积温增加;苏联解体的影响。	[38]

表 1

表2

陆面过程模型耦合作物模型对改进地表水热平衡理解的贡献

模型^a	研究对象	结果	原因	文献
Agro-IBIS 作物动态生长模型	美国玉米和大豆	农业物候变化改变了地表水热平衡,种植期提前造成6月份潜热增加,感热降低;成熟期—收割期降低增加10月份净辐射。	利用有效积温实现物候期的变化。	[25]
BATS CERES3.0	中国农田	冠层截流、作物蒸腾、土壤蒸发、潜热和感热通量都具有显著的影响;降低LAI和表层土壤水分系统误差,提高地表通量模拟精度。	增加了作物生长和发育过程。	[51]
BATS CERES-Maize	美国玉米	LAI从5变为1,潜热变化30%~45%,感热变化20%~35%;蒸发和蒸腾对潜热贡献受LAI强烈影响。	基于生理学的物候期和有机质积累及分配过程。	[53]
CLASS 碳氮模型	加拿大农田	提高了NEP模拟与实测数据的决定系数;有机质分配过程更加合理。	添加了农业物候方案和农田管理措施的查找表	[54]
CLM CornSoy	美国大豆和玉米	碳通量的模拟与物候模拟有紧密大量联系;对LAI、能量和碳通量的模拟与实测值的相关性更好。	利用有效积温精确表达出苗—灌浆期和灌浆期—收割期;解除对LAI最大值的限制。	[19]
CLM农业物候模型	北美洲玉米、大豆和谷类	更加真实的作物LAI;更清晰的展示春季种植和秋季收割;在低LAI期更好的影响潜热通量;展示了物候的重要性。	利用温度驱动农业物候和碳分配的季节变化。	[55]
ISAM 作物动态生长模型	美国玉米—大豆轮作系统 2001-2004年	与静态作物比较,LAI季节变化、冠层高度、根深、土壤水分吸收和蒸腾、碳通量、水热通量、对生长季潜热和碳通量提高较多,对感热影响较小。	作物动态包含了考虑了光、水和养分胁迫;LAI季节动态模拟的提升;根系分布过程更好的模拟土壤水分吸收和蒸腾。	[56]
JULES InfoCrop	印度农田	蒸散发模拟误差,湿润季节从7.5~24.4 mm month^-1下降到5.4~11.6 mm month^-1,干旱季节从10~17 mm month^-1下降到2.2~3.4 mm month^-1。	添加了作物生长的模型。	[48]
JULES SUCROS	欧洲农田	显著提高农田模拟与实测数据的相关性;更好的捕获欧洲作物生长状态的时空特征;表明作物结构和物候对陆—气交互作用的重要性。	作物动态生长;包含果实器官、从种植到收割的物候周期等特征的农业系统特征过程。	[57]
LPJ DGVMs	全球农田	温带禾本科种植日期、作物冠层季节发育更好;产量和碳积累过程更好;农业扩张造成蒸腾降低5%,蒸发增加40%	物候的具体参数化,并与叶面积发育结合起来。	[58]
ORCHIDEE STICS	法国和美国冬小麦和玉米	对不同气候区中的蒸散发、生物量积累过程模拟更好。	增加了对叶面积、养分胁迫,植物高度的模拟;改善了有机质分配、水分胁迫、羧化作用等过程。	[44]
SiB2农业物候模型	美国小麦、大豆、玉米	提高LAI和碳通量;更好的模拟生长季的开始和结束、收割、轮作系统的季节动态。	针对特定作物开发出的物候方案和对应的生理学参数,取代旧的基于NDVI计算通量的算法。	[46]
SiB2农业物候模型	华北平原冬小麦—夏玉米轮作	精确模拟LAI、碳通量、潜热通量、土壤水分含量和产量。	针对特定作物开发出的物候方案和对应的生理学参数,取代旧的基于NDVI计算通量的算法。	[47]

表2

图1

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农业物候动态对地表生物物理过程及气候的反馈研究进展

Influences of agricultural phenology dynamics on land surface biophysical processes and climate feedback: A review

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