地理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (4): 618-632.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201704005
收稿日期:
2016-01-08
修回日期:
2017-02-12
出版日期:
2017-04-20
发布日期:
2017-04-20
作者简介:
作者简介:张延吉(1989-), 男, 上海人, 博士, 讲师, 研究方向为城市空间结构与非正规经济。E-mail:
基金资助:
Yanji ZHANG1(), Lei ZHANG2(
), Lingyan WU3
Received:
2016-01-08
Revised:
2017-02-12
Published:
2017-04-20
Online:
2017-04-20
Supported by:
摘要:
有关非正规经济的空间分布特征始终缺乏宏观维度的定量研究。本文利用数字化城市管理系统中的流动商贩数据和工商局登记的正规商业数据,通过DO指数和M函数,分别探究流动商贩的空间特征及其与正规商业的分布关系。研究发现:① 绝大多数类型的流动商贩及其占地面积具有显著集聚的空间格局;其中,与居民需求较为密切的商贩类型,集聚程度相对较低。② 相较于正规商业,流动商贩在极小的空间尺度上更为强烈地集聚分布;但随着尺度扩大,集聚程度呈快速衰减态势。③ 经营内容相近的流动商贩与正规商业之间表现出显著的互斥关系,而非共栖关系;且两者的互斥程度在较小的空间尺度上尤为强烈。由此,本研究证明设立摊贩疏导区具有可行性和必要性,并就设置的类型及原则提出了初步建议。
张延吉, 张磊, 吴凌燕. 流动商贩的空间分布特征及与正规商业的分布关系——基于距离测度方法的数量研究[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(4): 618-632.
Yanji ZHANG, Lei ZHANG, Lingyan WU. Spatial distribution of street vending and its spatial relationship with formal commerce: Quantitative research using distance-based methods[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(4): 618-632.
表1
流动商贩与正规商业的类型匹配
经营内容 | 正规商业类型 | 流动商贩类型 |
---|---|---|
1. 垃圾回收 | 再生物资回收与批发(6391) | 收废品 |
2. 蔬果零售 | 果品、蔬菜零售(6523) | 卖菜、卖水果 |
3. 服装鞋帽零售 | 纺织品及针织品零售(6531)、服装零售(6532)、鞋帽零售(6533) | 卖服装 |
4. 图书报刊零售 | 图书零售(6543)、报刊零售(6544) | 卖书报 |
5. 烟草制品零售 | 烟草制品零售(6526) | 卖烟 |
6. 音像制品零售 | 音像制品及电子出版物零售(6545) | 卖光盘 |
7. 珠宝首饰零售 | 珠宝首饰零售(6546) | 卖饰品 |
8. 工艺品零售 | 工艺美术品及收藏品零售(6547) | 卖工艺品、卖瓷器 |
9. 花卉零售 | 花卉零售(6594) | 卖花 |
10. 家居装潢 | 五金、家具及室内装修材料专门零售(658) | 卖建材、招揽装修 |
11. 餐饮服务 | 正餐服务(671)、快餐服务(672)、饮料及冷饮服务(673)、其他餐饮服务(679) | 卖小吃、卖主食、卖早餐 |
12. 车辆保养 | 汽车、摩托车维修与保养(8311) | 洗车、修车 |
13. 家电维修 | 家用电器修理(8313) | 家电维修清洗 |
14. 日用品维修 | 其他日用品修理(8319) | 修鞋、修沙发、修伞、修纱窗 |
15. 理发美容 | 理发及美容保健服务(8240) | 理发按摩 |
16. 家电零售 | 家用电器及电子产品专门零售(657) | 卖小家电 |
17. 医药产品零售 | 药品及医疗器械专门零售(655) | 保健咨询、游医 |
18. 综合零售 | 百货零售(6511)、超级市场零售(6512)、其他综合零售(6519) | 摊群、卖杂货 |
表2
各类流动商贩的总体集聚程度及发生集聚的空间尺度
未加权 | 加权 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
摊贩类型 | 集聚程度ΓI | 集聚尺度 | 摊贩类型 | 集聚程度 | 集聚尺度 |
卖唱 | 0.014496 | 0~5.2 | 卖建材 | 0.014666 | 0~3.2 |
招揽住宿的中介 | 0.011779 | 0~2.4, 11.0~11.7 | 招揽住宿的中介 | 0.013838 | 0~2.5 |
卖烟 | 0.011125 | 0~3.0 | 卖烟 | 0.011357 | 0~2.8 |
卖建材 | 0.010441 | 0~3.1, 10.2~11.2 | 卖饰品 | 0.009998 | 0~7.7 |
卖饰品 | 0.010070 | 0~7.8 | 卖唱 | 0.006180 | 0~5.5 |
卖瓷器 | 0.006337 | 0~7.4 | 洗车 | 0.005087 | 0~7.6 |
贴膜 | 0.005938 | 0~2.2, 7.0~11.3 | 卖煤 | 0.004794 | 0~4.9 |
洗车 | 0.004764 | 0~2.6, 6.2~9.3 | 贴膜 | 0.004500 | 0~2.0, 7.9~11.5 |
招揽装修 | 0.004743 | 0~2.6, 10.9~12.0 | 卖瓷器 | 0.003859 | 0~7.0 |
卖书报 | 0.004634 | 0~7.2 | 卖早餐 | 0.003528 | 0~6.5 |
卖早餐 | 0.004552 | 0~6.0 | 理发按摩 | 0.003489 | 0~2.5, 6.6~10.9 |
卖杂货 | 0.003614 | 0~7.5 | 卖杂货 | 0.003314 | 0~7.7 |
卖煤 | 0.003426 | 0~4.2 | 收药 | 0.003293 | 0~3.6 |
卖花 | 0.002951 | 0~6.6 | 卖书报 | 0.003260 | 0~7.1 |
理发按摩 | 0.002612 | 0~2.7, 7.9~11.9 | 现场缝纫 | 0.002452 | 0~2.2 |
收药 | 0.002560 | 0~7.4 | 卖蔬果 | 0.002360 | 0~2.0, 4.8~6.5 |
现场缝纫 | 0.002324 | 0~2.0 | 修车修鞋 | 0.002332 | 0~2.2, 4.9~7.6 |
修车修鞋 | 0.002200 | 0~2.4, 5.0~7.4 | 招揽装修 | 0.002288 | 0~2.3, 11.1~12.0 |
游医 | 0.002118 | 0~2.3, 8.3~9.2 | 修鞋 | 0.001771 | 0~3.0 |
卖菜 | 0.001926 | 0~3.0, 3.5~9.9 | 卖菜 | 0.001488 | 0~2.5, 4.3~9.6 |
卖玩具 | 0.001859 | 0~10.0 | 修车 | 0.00144 | 0~4.8 |
卖光盘 | 0.001841 | 0~5.0 | 游医 | 0.001345 | 0~1.6, 8.1~10.0 |
卖工艺品 | 0.001475 | 0~2.3, 5.7~9.6 | 街头算命 | 0.001341 | 0~1.8 |
卖小动物 | 0.001471 | 0~2.4, 9.3~12.0 | 卖小动物 | 0.001283 | 0~2.5, 9.8~12.0 |
街头算命 | 0.001227 | 0~1.8 | 卖玩具 | 0.001078 | 0~3.3, 6.0~10.5 |
卖服装 | 0.000975 | 0~12.0 | 宣传产品 | 0.000894 | 0~1.7, 11.8~12.0 |
修车 | 0.000917 | 0~3.3 | 卖小吃 | 0.000811 | 0~8.9 |
收废品 | 0.000852 | 0~5.3, 10.7~12.0 | 卖工艺品 | 0.000783 | 0~3.2, 6.6~8.9 |
卖小吃 | 0.000805 | 0~8.9 | 收废品 | 0.000729 | 0~4.6, 10.2~12.0 |
修鞋 | 0.000698 | 0~2.0 | 卖花 | 0.000564 | 0~4.6 |
摊群 | 0.000506 | 0~2.6, 10.8~12.0 | 夜市排档 | 0.000473 | 0~1.5 |
保健咨询 | 0.000433 | 0~1.4, 3.9~5.7 | 推销保险 | 0.000433 | 0~0.3, 6.4~11.9 |
家电维修清洗 | 0.000395 | 0~2.0 | 卖服装 | 0.000396 | 0~0.8, 9.7~12.0 |
推销保险 | 0.000359 | 0~0.4, 9.7~12.0 | 摊群 | 0.000354 | 0~2.1 |
卖小家电 | 0.000327 | 0~1.6 | 卖光盘 | 0.000346 | 0~1.8 |
修纱窗 | 0.000264 | 0~1.3, 11.6~12.0 | 卖主食 | 0.000334 | 0~1.5, 10.9~12.0 |
宣传产品 | 0.000112 | 0~1.2, 11.9~12.0 | 修纱窗 | 0.000319 | 0~1.4, 11.8~12.0 |
卖主食 | 0.000106 | 0~0.4, 10.7~12.9 | 家电维修清洗 | 0.000314 | 0~1.7, 4.3~5.3 |
磨刀 | 0.000095 | 0~1.1, 11.4~12.0 | 保健咨询 | 0.000304 | 0~1.5 |
卖水果 | 0.000064 | 6.9~9.4 | 磨刀 | 0.000149 | 0~0.7, 10.9~12.0 |
卖蔬果 | 0.000041 | 0~0.6 | 卖小家电 | 0.000148 | 0~0.9 |
夜市排档 | 0.000021 | 0~0.5, 11.9~12.0 | |||
无法归类的商贩 | 0.000007 | 0~0.3 |
表3
M函数的分布形态及空间尺度
经营类型 | 流动商贩为参照类型;正规商业为邻近类型( | 正规商业为参照类型;流动商贩为邻近类型( | 两者显著互斥 的尺度 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M<下包迹线 | 下包迹线<M<上包迹线 | M>上包迹线 | M<下包迹线 | 下包迹线<M<上包迹线 | M>上包迹线 | ||||
1. 垃圾回收 | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~11.2 | 11.9~14.6, 15.5~16.4 | 14.6~15.5, 16.4~17.2 | 0~11.2 | ||
2. 蔬果零售 | 0~1.1 | - | - | 0~10.3 | 10.3~17.2 | - | 0~1.1 | ||
3. 服装鞋帽零售 | 0~4.1 | 4.1~6.9, 9.5~15.5 | 6.9~9.5 15.5~17.2 | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~4.1 | ||
4. 图书报刊零售 | 0~3.9 | 3.9~17.2 | - | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~3.9 | ||
5. 烟草制品零售 | 0~8.6, 12.9~17.2 | 8.6~10.3 | 10.3~12.9 | 0~8.6 | 8.6~12.9 | 12.9~17.2 | 0~8.6 | ||
6. 音像制品零售 | 0~1.1, 1.9~2.6 | 1.1~1.9, 2.6~17.2 | - | 0~0.3, 1.7~3.4 | 0.3~1.7, 3.4~17.2 | - | 0~0.3, 1.9~2.6 | ||
7. 珠宝首饰零售 | 0~1.7, 6.0~9.5 | 1.7~6.0, 9.5~17.2 | - | 0~3.0, 3.9~5.2 | 3.0~3.9, 5.2~8.2, 14.6~17.2 | 8.2~14.6 | 0~1.7 | ||
8. 工艺品零售 | 0~3.4, 13.8~15.5 | 3.4~13.8, 15.5~17.2 | - | 0~4.7, 5.6~6.0 | 4.7~5.6, 6.0~17.2 | - | 0~3.4 | ||
9. 花卉零售 | 0~3.2 | 3.2~17.2 | - | 0~16.4 | 16.4~17.2 | - | 0~3.2 | ||
10. 家居装潢 | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~17.2 | ||
11. 餐饮服务 | 0~10.3 | 10.3~12.1 | 12.1~17.2 | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~10.3 | ||
12. 车辆保养 | 0~6.0 | 6.0~17.2 | - | 0~13.8 | 13.8~17.2 | - | 0~6.0 | ||
13. 家电维修 | 0~2.8 | 2.8~7.3, 13.8~17.2 | 7.3~13.8 | 0~6.5, 7.3~7.8 | 6.5~7.3, 7.8~17.2 | - | 0~2.8 | ||
14. 日用品维修 | 0~1.7 | 1.7~17.2 | - | 0~0.4 | 0.4~17.2 | - | 0~0.4 | ||
15. 理发美容 | 0~4.7, 11.2~13.8 | 4.7~5.2, 8.2~11.2, 13.8~14.6, | 5.2~8.2, 14.6~17.2 | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~4.7, 11.2~13.8 | ||
16. 家电零售 | 0~4.1 | 4.1~17.2 | - | 0~2.2 | 2.2~5.6, 6.5~17.2 | 5.6~6.5 | 0~2.2 | ||
17. 医药产品零售 | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~6.0 | 6~8.6 | 8.6~17.2 | 0~6.0 | ||
18. 综合零售 | 0~10.3 | 10.3~16.4 | 16.4~17.2 | 0~17.2 | - | - | 0~10.3 |
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