区域多维发展综合测度方法及应用

doi:10.11821/dlxb201612005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

借鉴国内外区域发展研究从单要素、单指标走向多要素、多指标综合测度的学术思路,从收入、消费、教育、人口城镇化、交通及生活设施等6个维度选择了12个指标,建立了多面体法区域多维发展综合测度方法及模型,改建了适用于区域多维发展综合测度的多边形法和向量和法定量模型,并与已得到广泛应用的加权求和法一起按县级、地级和省级单元对中国的区域多维发展状况进行了综合测度实证研究。结果表明：不同维度单项指标值和区域多维发展指数在全国各县级单元之间存在着显著差异;区域多维发展指数在空间分布上呈现出东部沿海高、中部及北方沿边地区中等、西南及西部沿边地区低的基本格局,高和较高类型区主要分布在东部沿海、中西部城市以及能矿资源开发地区,低和较低类型区基本上与国家新认定的集中连片贫困区的分布一致;按县级、地级和省级不同尺度单元,借助SPSS和EXCEL软件对4种方法测算结果的相关性分析表明,多面体法、多边形法、向量和法、加权求和法在实际应用中具有等效性,选用任何一种方法都能达到区域多维发展综合测度和评价的目的。

关键词: 区域多维发展, 综合测度, 多面体法, 多边形法, 向量和法, 加权求和法, 中国

Abstract:

Regional development researches at home and abroad have the trend of single factor and index towards multi-factor and multi-index comprehensive measure. Using the academic thought for reference, this paper selected 12 indices from 6 dimensions, including income, consumption, education, urbanization of population, traffic and living facilities. Polyhedron method was put forward to comprehensively measure regional multi-dimensional development level. Polygon method and vector sum method were improved for being more suitable for studying regional multi-dimensional development status. Regional multi-dimensional development level by county, city and province in China was measured comprehensively and its spatial difference was analyzed by using the above three methods as well as the weighted sum method applied widely. The study found that at the county level there was remarkable regional difference in the single-index values of different dimensions and regional multi-dimensional development index. Regional multi-dimensional development index was high in the eastern coastal areas, medium in the central region as well as the northern border regions and low in the southwest as well as the western border regions. Districts characterized by the levels of high and very high were distributed in the eastern coastal areas, cities of the central and western regions as well as the areas of energy and mineral resource development. Distribution tendency of the districts featured by the levels of low and very low was in accordance with that of the poverty-stricken areas. Correlation analyses of four methods’ results were conducted by SPSS and Excel at the province, city and county level respectively. The results showed that the four methods were equivalent in the practical application. They all could be used for regional multi-dimensional development measure. Correlation analysis between multi-dimensional development index calculated by the polyhedron method and GDP per capita indicated that the latter could not represent the level of regional multi-dimensional development.

Key words: regional multi-dimensional development, comprehensive measure, polyhedron method, polygon method, vector sum method, weighted sum method, China

徐勇, 段健, 徐小任. 区域多维发展综合测度方法及应用[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(12): 2129-2140.

Yong XU, Jian DUAN, Xiaoren XU. Comprehensive measure methods of regional multi-dimensional development and their applications[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(12): 2129-2140.

图/表 9

表1

区域多维发展测度指标构成"

构成要素	指标项	隶属指标	计算公式及说明
经济	居民收入水平(I)	城镇居民人均可支配收入(I_C) 农村居民人均纯收入(I_R) 人均地方财政一般预算收入(I_F)	$I = I C × β + I R × 1 - β + I F$
经济	居民消费水平(C)	人均城乡社会消费品零售总额
社会	劳动力受教育程度(E)	适龄人口平均受教育年限
社会	人口城镇化水平(U)	人口城镇化率(β)
人居环境	住房内生活设施配置水平(F)	住房内管道自来水配置率(F_W) 住房内厨房配置率(F_K) 住房内厕所配置率(F_T) 住房内洗澡设施配置率(F_B)	$F = 14 F W + F K + F T + F B$ 指标数据为标准化后值
人居环境	交通发展水平(T)	交通用地占土地总面积比重(T_A) 交通优势度^[29](T_D)	$T = 12 (T A + T D)$ 指标数据为标准化后值

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

中国地级和省级单元4种测度方法结果的拟合方程及复相关系数"

数据单元	算法对比	拟合方程	复相关系数(R²)
地级单元	RMDI__A与RMDI__M	RMDI__M = 0.3902ln(RMDI__A) + 1.5412	0.9322
	RMDI__A与RMDI__W	RMDI__W = 0.1624ln(RMDI__A) + 0.5655	0.9462
	RMDI__M与RMDI__W	$RMDI_W = 0.3403 RMDI_M 1.1574$	0.9838
省级单元	RMDI__A与RMDI__M	RMDI__M = 0.427ln(RMDI__A) + 1.567	0.9721
	RMDI__A与RMDI__W	RMDI__W = 0.1821ln(RMDI__A) + 0.583	0.9664
	RMDI__M与RMDI__W	$RMDI_W = 0.1143 e 1.0723 RMDI_M$	0.9747

表2

图7

参考文献 30

[1]	Lu Dadao, Liu Weidong.Analysis of geo-factors behind regional development and regional policy in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2000, 20(6): 487-493. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2000.06.001
	[陆大道, 刘卫东. 论我国区域发展与区域政策的地学基础. 地理科学, 2000, 20(6): 487-493.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2000.06.001
[2]	Fan Jie, Hong Hui.Recent concerned issues of regional development in China and the interpretations of economic geography. Economic Geography, 2012, 32(1): 1-6.
	[樊杰, 洪辉. 现今中国区域发展值得关注的问题及其经济地理阐释. 经济地理, 2012, 32(1): 1-6.]
[3]	United Nations.Report on International Definition and Measurement of Standards and Levels of Living. New York: United Nations, 1954. doi: 10.2307/2342697
[4]	Chen Xiushan, Xu Ying.Factors affecting China's regional gap: An empirical study. Social Sciences in China, 2004(5): 117-129, 207.
	[陈秀山, 徐瑛.中国区域差距影响因素的实证研究. 中国社会科学, 2004(5): 117-129, 207.]
[5]	Galbraith J K. The Affluent Society.Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1958.
[6]	Mishan E J.The Cost of Economic Growth. London: Staples Press, 1967.
[7]	Sen A.Welfare, preference and freedom. Journal of Econometrics, 1991, 50(1-2): 15-29. doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(91)90087-T
[8]	Morris M D.A physical quality of life index. Urban Ecology, 1978, 3(3): 225-240. doi: 10.1016/0304-4009(78)90015-3
[9]	Liang Hong.Applicable appraise for population quality life index. Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, 1994(6): 12-13, 16.
	[梁鸿. 人口质量指数(PQLI)适用性评估. 中国社会医学, 1994(6): 12-13, 16.]
[10]	UNDP. Human Development Report 1990. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
[11]	Mahbub ul H. Reflections on Human Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
[12]	Nussbaum M C.Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
[13]	Noorbakhsh F.A modified human development index. World Development, 1998, 26(3): 517-528. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(97)10063-8
[14]	Grimm M, Harttgen K, Klasen S, et al.A human development index by income groups. World Development, 2008, 36(12): 2527-2546. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.12.001
[15]	Ediger V S, Tatlidil H.Energy as an indicator of human development: A statistical approach. The Journal of Energy and Development, 2006, 31(2): 213-232.
[16]	Barro R J, Lee J W.A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950-2010. Journal of Development Economic, 2010, 104: 184-198. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001
[17]	Fukuda-Parr S, Lawson-Remer T, Randolph S.An index of economic and social rights fulfillment: Concept and methodology. Journal of Human Rights, 2010, 8(3): 195-221.
[18]	Pradhan R, Sanyal G S.Good governance and human development: Evidence from Indian States. Journal of Social and Development Science, 2011, 1(1): 1-8.
[19]	Silva R, Ferreira-Lopes A.A Regional Development Index for Portugal. Social Indicators Research, 2014, 118(3): 1055-1085. doi: 10.1007/s11205-013-0455-z
[20]	Liu Hui.Regional inequality measurement: methods and evaluations. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(4): 710-718. doi: 10.11821/yj2006040018
	[刘慧. 区域差异测度方法与评价. 地理研究, 2006, 25(4): 710-718.] doi: 10.11821/yj2006040018
[21]	Lin Yifu, Liu Peilin.Chinese development strategy and economic convergence. Economic Research Journal, 2003(3): 19-25, 89.
	[林毅夫, 刘培林. 中国的经济发展战略与地区收入差距. 经济研究, 2003(3): 19-25, 89.]
[22]	Wang Xiaolu, Fan Gang.Analysis on the regional disparity in China and the influential factors. Economic Research Journal, 2004(1): 33-44.
	[王小鲁, 樊纲. 中国地区差距的变动趋势和影响因素. 经济研究, 2004(1): 33-44.]
[23]	Xu Yong, Fan Jie.Index system for regional development disparity measurement. Progress in Geography, 2014, 33(9): 1159-1166. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.09.003
	[徐勇, 樊杰. 区域发展差距测度指标体系探讨. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(9): 1159-1166.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.09.003
[24]	Lu Kangqiang.Component equilibrium: An improved composite method and its empirical test for HDI. Statistical Research, 2012, 29(10): 45-51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4565.2012.10.007
	[陆康强. 要素均衡:人类发展指数的算法改进与实证研究. 统计研究, 2012, 29(10): 45-51.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4565.2012.10.007
[25]	Fu Wei, Zhao Junquan, Du Guozhen.The evaluation of resources sustainable utilization: Based on empirical analysis of resources welfare index. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(11): 1902-1914. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.11.009
	[付伟, 赵俊权, 杜国祯. 资源可持续利用评价: 基于资源福利指数的实证分析. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(11): 1902-1914.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.11.009
[26]	Fan Jie.Draft of major function oriented zoning of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(2): 186-201. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201502002
	[樊杰. 中国主体功能区划方案. 地理学报, 2015, 70(2): 186-201.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201502002
[27]	Liu Yanhua, Xu Yong.Geographical identification and classification of multi-dimensional poverty in rural China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(6): 993-1007. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201506012
	[刘艳华, 徐勇. 中国农村多维贫困地理识别及类型划分. 地理学报, 2015, 70(6): 993-1007.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201506012
[28]	Fang Chuanglin, Mao Hanying.A system of indicators for regional development planning. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1999, 54(5): 410-419. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.1999.05.004
	[方创琳, 毛汉英. 区域发展规划指标体系建立方法探讨. 地理学报, 1999, 54(5): 410-419.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.1999.05.004
[29]	Jin Fengjun, Wang Chengjin, Li Xiuwei.Discrimination method and its application analysis of regional transport superiority. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(8): 787-798. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.08.001
	[金凤君, 王成金, 李秀伟. 中国区域交通优势的甄别方法及应用分析. 地理学报, 2008, 63(8): 787-798.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.08.001
[30]	The State Council.National Major Function Zoning. The State Council Article No. 46 in 2010. 2010.
	[国务院. 全国主体功能区规划. 国发[2010]46号. 2010.]