区域多维发展综合测度方法及应用

doi:10.11821/dlxb201612005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

借鉴国内外区域发展研究从单要素、单指标走向多要素、多指标综合测度的学术思路,从收入、消费、教育、人口城镇化、交通及生活设施等6个维度选择了12个指标,建立了多面体法区域多维发展综合测度方法及模型,改建了适用于区域多维发展综合测度的多边形法和向量和法定量模型,并与已得到广泛应用的加权求和法一起按县级、地级和省级单元对中国的区域多维发展状况进行了综合测度实证研究。结果表明：不同维度单项指标值和区域多维发展指数在全国各县级单元之间存在着显著差异;区域多维发展指数在空间分布上呈现出东部沿海高、中部及北方沿边地区中等、西南及西部沿边地区低的基本格局,高和较高类型区主要分布在东部沿海、中西部城市以及能矿资源开发地区,低和较低类型区基本上与国家新认定的集中连片贫困区的分布一致;按县级、地级和省级不同尺度单元,借助SPSS和EXCEL软件对4种方法测算结果的相关性分析表明,多面体法、多边形法、向量和法、加权求和法在实际应用中具有等效性,选用任何一种方法都能达到区域多维发展综合测度和评价的目的。

关键词: 区域多维发展, 综合测度, 多面体法, 多边形法, 向量和法, 加权求和法, 中国

Abstract:

Regional development researches at home and abroad have the trend of single factor and index towards multi-factor and multi-index comprehensive measure. Using the academic thought for reference, this paper selected 12 indices from 6 dimensions, including income, consumption, education, urbanization of population, traffic and living facilities. Polyhedron method was put forward to comprehensively measure regional multi-dimensional development level. Polygon method and vector sum method were improved for being more suitable for studying regional multi-dimensional development status. Regional multi-dimensional development level by county, city and province in China was measured comprehensively and its spatial difference was analyzed by using the above three methods as well as the weighted sum method applied widely. The study found that at the county level there was remarkable regional difference in the single-index values of different dimensions and regional multi-dimensional development index. Regional multi-dimensional development index was high in the eastern coastal areas, medium in the central region as well as the northern border regions and low in the southwest as well as the western border regions. Districts characterized by the levels of high and very high were distributed in the eastern coastal areas, cities of the central and western regions as well as the areas of energy and mineral resource development. Distribution tendency of the districts featured by the levels of low and very low was in accordance with that of the poverty-stricken areas. Correlation analyses of four methods’ results were conducted by SPSS and Excel at the province, city and county level respectively. The results showed that the four methods were equivalent in the practical application. They all could be used for regional multi-dimensional development measure. Correlation analysis between multi-dimensional development index calculated by the polyhedron method and GDP per capita indicated that the latter could not represent the level of regional multi-dimensional development.

Key words: regional multi-dimensional development, comprehensive measure, polyhedron method, polygon method, vector sum method, weighted sum method, China

徐勇, 段健, 徐小任. 区域多维发展综合测度方法及应用[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(12): 2129-2140.

Yong XU, Jian DUAN, Xiaoren XU. Comprehensive measure methods of regional multi-dimensional development and their applications[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(12): 2129-2140.

图/表 9

表1

区域多维发展测度指标构成

构成要素	指标项	隶属指标	计算公式及说明
经济	居民收入水平(I)	城镇居民人均可支配收入(I_C) 农村居民人均纯收入(I_R) 人均地方财政一般预算收入(I_F)	$I = I C × β + I R × 1 - β + I F$
经济	居民消费水平(C)	人均城乡社会消费品零售总额
社会	劳动力受教育程度(E)	适龄人口平均受教育年限
社会	人口城镇化水平(U)	人口城镇化率(β)
人居环境	住房内生活设施配置水平(F)	住房内管道自来水配置率(F_W) 住房内厨房配置率(F_K) 住房内厕所配置率(F_T) 住房内洗澡设施配置率(F_B)	$F = 14 F W + F K + F T + F B$ 指标数据为标准化后值
人居环境	交通发展水平(T)	交通用地占土地总面积比重(T_A) 交通优势度^[29](T_D)	$T = 12 (T A + T D)$ 指标数据为标准化后值

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

中国地级和省级单元4种测度方法结果的拟合方程及复相关系数

数据单元	算法对比	拟合方程	复相关系数(R²)
地级单元	RMDI__A与RMDI__M	RMDI__M = 0.3902ln(RMDI__A) + 1.5412	0.9322
	RMDI__A与RMDI__W	RMDI__W = 0.1624ln(RMDI__A) + 0.5655	0.9462
	RMDI__M与RMDI__W	$RMDI_W = 0.3403 RMDI_M 1.1574$	0.9838
省级单元	RMDI__A与RMDI__M	RMDI__M = 0.427ln(RMDI__A) + 1.567	0.9721
	RMDI__A与RMDI__W	RMDI__W = 0.1821ln(RMDI__A) + 0.583	0.9664
	RMDI__M与RMDI__W	$RMDI_W = 0.1143 e 1.0723 RMDI_M$	0.9747

表2

图7

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