国家节点战略的实施路径及其经济效应评价

doi:10.11821/dlxb201612003

地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (12): 2103-2119.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201612003

国家节点战略的实施路径及其经济效应评价

齐元静^1,²(), 金凤君³, 刘涛⁴, 焦敬娟⁵

1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083
2. 北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程技术研究中心,北京 100083
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
4. 中国人民大学,北京 100872
5. 北京交通大学,北京 100044

收稿日期:2016-06-23 修回日期:2016-10-13 出版日期:2016-12-25 发布日期:2016-12-25
作者简介:
作者简介：齐元静(1980-), 男, 山东淄博人, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为城镇化、经济地理与区域发展、城市与区域规划。E-mail: qiyuanjing0506@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41401121), 北京林业大学新进教师科研启动基金项目(BLX2013028)

Implementation methods and economic impacts ofnational node strategies

Yuanjing QI^1,²(), Fengjun JIN³, Tao LIU⁴, Jingjuan JIAO⁵

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Engineering Technology Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS, Beijing 100101, China
4. Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
5. Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

Received:2016-06-23 Revised:2016-10-13 Published:2016-12-25 Online:2016-12-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41401121,The New Teachers' Scientific Research Program funded by Beijing Forestry University, No.BLX2013028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以试点改革为特色、依托关键节点逐步推进是改革开放以来中国区域开发的重要经验。在对改革开放以来中国区域政策演进的过程与特征梳理的基础上,本文将围绕重要节点的区域开发战略界定为国家节点战略,系统阐述了其理论基础与基本内涵,并以改革开放不同时期的深圳特区、上海浦东新区和天津滨海新区为例,定量考察了国家节点战略对中国区域经济格局演变的影响。研究发现,中国区域政策大体上经历了以经济特区为龙头的探索阶段、以开发区为主导的推广阶段和以国家级新区与国家综合配套改革试验区为载体的优化阶段等三个阶段,其中国家节点战略发挥了重要的示范与引领作用,推动了中国区域政策由点及面的螺旋式演进,在此过程中政府的角色也发生了相应的转变。作为增长极理论在中国转型时期的创新性应用与发展,国家节点战略不仅是区域发展“引擎”和重要增长极,也是转型期中国制度创新的重要载体;国家节点战略地区与区域发展实现了良性耦合,形成了梯次区域开发模式。实证研究表明,国家节点战略是政府引导与调控区域发展的重要手段,其经济效应呈明显的复杂多元特征及阶段性和尺度差异特征。

关键词: 区域政策, 国家节点战略, 政策型增长极, 经济效应

Abstract:

Pilot reforms gradually implemented through key nodes have become an important pattern of regional development in China since the introduction of its reform and opening up policy in 1978. On the basis of an analysis of the evolution processes and characteristics of regional development policies in China since the launch of the reform and opening up policy, this paper develops the concept and analytical framework of national node strategies (NNS), defined as regional development strategies centered on important nodes, by addressing their theoretical basis and research scope, before exploring quantitatively their regional economic impacts through the examples of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Pudong New Area, and Binhai New Area from different stages of the reform and opening up drive. The results indicate that the evolution of China's regional development policies can be divided into three stages, namely the exploration stage led by Special Economic Zones, the expansion stage dominated by Economic Development Zones, and the optimization stage featuring New State-level New Areas and National Comprehensive Reform Pilot Areas. During all the three stages, NNS have played an important demonstrative and leading role and promoted the rapid evolution of China's regional development policies from localized trails to widespread implementation, and the role of the government has also changed accordingly. As an innovative application and development of growth pole theory for a transitional period in China, NNS have become "engines" of regional development as well as important conduits of institutional innovations. NNS and regional development have achieved a benign coupling and formed a gradated regional development model. Empirical research indicates that NNS are an important method of the government for guiding and regulating regional economic development, with complex and diverse economic effects that differ depending on their stage and scale.

Key words: regional development policy, national node strategy, policy growth pole, economic impact

齐元静, 金凤君, 刘涛, 焦敬娟. 国家节点战略的实施路径及其经济效应评价[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(12): 2103-2119.

Yuanjing QI, Fengjun JIN, Tao LIU, Jingjuan JIAO. Implementation methods and economic impacts ofnational node strategies[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(12): 2103-2119.

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	政策特点	发展重点	现状	竞争优势	面临问题
国家级经济技术开发区	?改革开放的“政策特区” 审批和管理的便利性 ?特区成功经验推广和放大 ?吸收国际资本和产业转移	工业	现有 219家	?低价土地 ?税收优惠	?土地资源浪费 ?产业同质化、效益低、抗风险能力差 ?工业空城与房地产化并存,潮汐式通勤
国家级高新技术产业开发区	?自主创新 ?政产学研结合	知识、技术密集型产业	现有 145家	?人才政策 ?资金扶持 ?创新支持	?创新扶持效果有效 ?自主创新能力待提高 ?走经开区竞争的老路
自由贸易区	?境内关外 ?海关特殊监管政策 ?贸易自由化、便利化	国际贸易国际金融现代服务高端制造	现有 11个	?特殊关税和监管政策 ?寻求更多的政策空间 ?辐射带动区域发展	?政策不明确 ?新特区与老体制关系处理
综合配套改革试验区	?目标多元 ?内容典型 ?地域性强 ?自主创新 ?综合配套	开发开放统筹城乡两型社会新型工业化农业现代化资源型经济转型	12个,多类型,2011年截止	?地方特色凸显 ?政策自主性	?制度创新动力不足 ?地方与全局制度冲突 ?实质性政策进展不大 ?区域发展带动力不强
国家级新区	?城市空间整合,产城融合 ?区域发展龙头,带动全局 ?全面改革开放,转型样板	产业整合创新产城融合发展城镇化发展示范	1992浦东开始,现有 18家	?整合城市和区域资源 ?寻求更多的政策空间	?与中心城区的关系 ?区域带动能力的提升

变量	模型I	模型II	模型III	模型四IV
lnGDP	-0.194	-0.123	-0.141	-0.124
	(-0.80)	(-0.52)	(-0.58)	(-0.51)
disnode	0.00645^***	0.00376^***
	(3.13)	(3.65)
disnode_2	-0.00000379^**	-0.00000122^***
	(-2.19)	(-3.92)
disnode_3	6.14e-10
	(1.51)
disTJ			0.00687^***	0.00296^**
			(2.73)	(2.52)
disSH			0.00691^***	0.00286^***
			(2.81)	(3.63)
disSZ			0.00414^*	0.00380^***
			(1.88)	(3.62)
disTJ_2			-0.00000302	-0.000000648
			(-1.29)	(-1.56)
disSH_2			-0.00000416^*	-0.000000836^**
			(-1.83)	(-2.52)
disSZ_2			-0.000000559	-0.00000102^***
			(-0.41)	(-3.75)
disTJ_3			4.97e-10
			(0.91)
disSH_3			6.57e-10
			(1.47)
disSZ_3			-1.66e-10
			(-0.60)
N	338	338	338	338
R²	0.174	0.169	0.227	0.212
调整后R²	0.136	0.133	0.176	0.168

国家节点战略的实施路径及其经济效应评价

Implementation methods and economic impacts ofnational node strategies

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