高铁网络化下中国城市旅游场强空间格局及演化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201610010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

交通是旅游系统不可或缺的先决条件。“四纵四横”高铁网络是中国“交通革命”的重要里程碑,高铁网络化对中国城市旅游可达性空间格局产生重要影响,进而极大地改变城市的旅游吸引力和辐射力。本文运用GIS空间分析方法测度高铁对全国338个城市可达性影响,进而分析高铁网络化全国城市旅游吸引力空间特征及演变。结果表明：① 高铁网络化下中国城市可达性整体得到优化,可达性空间格局呈现明显交通指向性,形成“高铁廊道”效应;② 高铁网络化下中国城市旅游场强空间格局呈现出“多中心”环状发散和“枝状”扩散的双重特征,尤其是沿高铁线“枝状”扩散更为明显;城市旅游场强变化率在高铁线形成高值走廊,并呈现以高铁轴线为中心向外围递减的空间格局;③ 高铁对高旅游场强区和较高旅游场强区影响最为显著,分布城市数量大幅增加,面积拓展超过100%;且高铁提升了区域中心城市旅游场强值,旅游吸引力辐射范围沿高铁线扩张。

关键词: 高铁网络化, 旅游场强, 空间格局, 演化, 中国

Abstract:

Traffic is an indispensable prerequisite for tourism system. The high speed rail network of "four vertical and four horizontal" is an important milestone of "traffic revolution" in China, which will produce important effect on the spatial pattern of tourism accessibility in Chinese cities, and then change the tourism attraction force and radiation force of cities greatly. The paper analyzes the evolution and spatial characteristics of tourism attraction force of cities under high speed rail network in China, based on the measurements of the influence of accessibility of 338 cities under HSR with the help of GIS. The results show that: (1) the accessibilities of Chinese cities are optimized under high speed rail network. The spatial pattern of accessibilities presents obvious traffic direction and forms the “high speed rail corridor” effect. (2) The spatial pattern of tourism field strength in Chinese cities presents the dual characteristics of the "multi-center" annular divergence and "dendritic" diffusion, especially "dendritic" diffusion is more obvious along high speed rails; The change rate of urban tourism field strength forms the high value corridor along high speed rails and presents the spatial pattern of decreasing from the center to the outer circumference along high speed rails. (3) The influence of the highest tourism field strength area and higher tourism field strength area under high speed rails is most significant, and the number of cities distributed in two types of tourism field strength increases significantly, the area of the two types of tourism field strength expands more than 100%; high speed rails enhance the tourism field strength value of regional central cities, and radiation range of tourism attraction extends along high speed rails.

Key words: high speed rail network, tourism field strength, spatial pattern, evolution, China

汪德根, 钱佳, 牛玉. 高铁网络化下中国城市旅游场强空间格局及演化[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(10): 1784-1800.

WANG Degen,QIAN Jia,NIU Yu. Evolution and spatial characteristics of tourism field strength of cities under high speed rail network in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(10): 1784-1800.

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空间对象	高速公路	国道	省道	水域	铁路	高铁			陆地
速度(km/h)	120	80	60	1	160	200	250	300	5
时间成本(Min)	0.5	0.75	1	60	0.375	0.3	024	0.2	12

前20位					后20位
城市		Z_i	城市	Z_i	城市	Z_i	城市	Z_i
北京	161.06	武汉	25.15		果洛	0.07	阿里	0.52
上海	76.62	南京	23.72		黄南	0.20	山南	0.65
广州	56.23	青岛	19.84		玉树	0.21	怒江	0.65
深圳	53.58	大连	19.32		克孜	0.24	阿拉善	0.68
重庆	50.20	沈阳	18.44		海北	0.33	吴忠	0.69
天津	35.26	宁波	18.42		金昌	0.37	和田	0.71
苏州	32.90	西安	18.06		七台河	0.47	中卫	0.74
杭州	32.79	长沙	18.03		大兴安岭	0.47	固原	0.74
珠海	29.28	无锡	18.01		海南(州)	0.49	嘉峪关	0.75
成都	26.41	郑州	16.35		昌都	0.50	博尔塔拉	0.76

等时圈(h)	非高铁(km²)	高铁(km²)	变化率(%)	等时圈(h)	非高铁(km²)	高铁(km²)	变化率(%)
0~0.5	345868	470327	35.98	6~10	1278643	1260835	-1.39
0.5~1	884396	950462	7.47	10~15	582401	577868	-0.78
1~1.5	1003070	998255	-0.48	15~20	265217	263301	-0.72
1.5~2	929261	904988	-2.61	20~25	135743	135100	-0.47
2~2.5	824206	794014	-3.66	25~30	51301	50975	-0. 64
2.5~3	723282	697495	-3.57	>30	8692	8692	0.00
3~6	2748062	2667989	-2.91

地带	地带			省域				城市
地带	非高铁		高铁	变化率(%)	非高铁	高铁	变化率(%)	非高铁	高铁	变化率(%)
东部	37.37	51.82	38.67	59.06	77.67	31.51		33.35	46.93	40.72
中部	15.33	22.07	43.97	18.19	28.36	55.91		19.11	30.40	59.08
西部	7.25	10.18	40.41	11.27	16.09	42.77		11.79	16.84	42.83

前10名	非高铁			高铁		后10名	非高铁			高铁
前10名	城市		场强值		城市	后10名	场强值	城市	场强值	城市	场强值
1	北京	276.69		北京	346.31	1	巴音	4.55		阿克苏	5.93
2	深圳	191.91		深圳	290.03	2	那曲	4.38		巴音郭楞	5.93
3	廊坊	128.84		天津	176.30	3	山南	4.36		那曲	5.21
4	上海	125.14		廊坊	171.56	4	阿克苏	4.34		山南	5.21
5	天津	120.69		上海	136.36	5	日喀则	4.22		克孜	5.05
6	广州	108.18		保定	118.83	6	克孜	3.87		日喀则	4.95
7	保定	86.44		广州	115.35	7	喀什	3.69		喀什	4.75
8	唐山	79.05		东莞	114.33	8	阿里	3.48		和田	4.17
9	东莞	75.30		唐山	105.97	9	和田	3.44		阿里	3.99
10	佛山	67.11		苏州	93.11	10	琼直辖	2.50		琼直辖	3.29