秦岭太白山气温直减率时空差异性研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb201609010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在评估山地生态系统对气候变化响应的过程中,作为气温要素的重要输入参数,气温直减率（γ）的精确性直接影响到相关科研工作的真实性和可靠性。本文基于秦岭主峰太白山（3771.2 m）11个分布于南北坡和不同海拔的标准气象站点2013-2015年连续3年实测日均温资料和25 m×25 m空间分辨率的DEM数据,研究了太白山气温直减率在不同时间尺度上的变化规律及不同坡向上的空间分布特征。结果表明：① 2013-2015年太白山年均γ北坡均大于南坡,北坡为0.513 ℃/100m,南坡为0.499 ℃/100m;北坡年均γ随海拔变化表现出一定的差异性,而南坡相对稳定。② 年内γ在不同时间尺度上均存在明显差异,且南北坡变化趋势不一致。在季尺度上,γ最大值北坡为夏季,为0.619 ℃/100m,而南坡最大出现在春季,为0.546 ℃/100m,最小值均为冬季,南北坡分别为0.449 ℃/100m和0.390 ℃/100m;春季和夏季,北坡γ均大于南坡,而冬季相反,北坡小于南坡,秋季几乎无差异。在月尺度上,气温相对高的月份γ亦较高,北坡γ变化幅度大于南坡;年始和年末（11-12月、1-2月）北坡γ小于南坡,而5-9月北坡大于南坡,且南北坡γ相差较大。③ 经数据可信度分析,所获得的γ可较为客观地反映太白山气温随海拔变化的规律性,将为山地气温空间分布规律及其生态系统响应等定量研究提供理论基础。

关键词: 秦岭, 太白山, 气温直减率, 山地气候

Abstract:

Air temperature lapse rate (γ) is taken as one of key input parameters when we evaluate the response of the mountain ecosystem to climate change, and its accuracy is very useful to the related research in the future. In this paper, based on the datasets built based on data from standard meteorological stations in Mt. Taibai, the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics for the variations of γ were evaluated by using DEM images at a 25-m resolution as well as daily average temperature during the period of 2013-2015. The average value of annual γ on the northern slope (0.513℃/100 m) was larger than that on the southern slope (0.499℃/100 m) during the three years, and a greater variation in different altitude regions was found on the northern slope than on the southern slope. The variability of γ was significant at different time-scales. At the seasonal scale, the peak of γ (0.619℃/100 m) on the northern slope occurred in summer, while the peak of γ (0.546℃/100 m) on the southern slope appeared in spring. Meanwhile, the minimums of γ on both slopes (0.390℃/100 m on the northern slope and 0.449℃/100 m on the southern slope) were found in winter. Compared with the southern slope, the values of γ on the northern slope were higher in spring and summer, while they were lower in winter and almost the same in autumn. At the monthly scale, the larger values of γ appeared in the warmer months on both slopes, and the larger variation in γ was found on the northern slope. The values of γ were higher on the southern slope than those on the northern slope in January, February, November and December, while they were lower from May to September. The results clarified the rule of temperature-altitude variations in Mt. Taibai in recent 50 years, which could provide a theoretical basis for the quantitative researches on temperature distribution characteristics and the response of the ecosystem to climate change in the mountain areas.

Key words: Qinling Mountains, Mt. Taibai, air temperature lapse rate, mountainous climate

翟丹平, 白红英, 秦进, 邓晨晖, 刘荣娟, 何红. 秦岭太白山气温直减率时空差异性研究[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(9): 1587-1595.

Danping ZHAI, Hongying BAI, Jin QIN, Chenhui DENG, Rongjuan LIU, Hong HE. Temporal and spatial variability of air temperature lapse rates in Mt. Taibai, Central Qinling Mountains[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(9): 1587-1595.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

表3

图4

参考文献 23

[1]	Weng Duming, Sun Zhian.A preliminary study of the lapse rate of surface air temperature over mountainous regions of china. Geographical Research, 1984, 3(2): 24-34.
	[翁笃鸣, 孙治安. 我国山地气温直减率的初步研究. 地理研究, 1984, 3(2): 24-34.]
[2]	Fang Jingyun.Study on distribution rules of air temperature lapse rate in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1992(9): 817-820.
	[方精云. 我国气温直减率分布规律的研究.. 科学通报, 1992(9): 817-820.]
[3]	Li Xiuping, Wang Lei, Chen Deliang et al. Near-surface air temperature lapse rates in the mainland China during 1962-2011. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013, 14(118): 7505-7515. doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50553
[4]	Minder J R, Mote P W, Lundquist J D.Surface temperature lapse rates over complex terrain: Lessons from the Cascade Mountains. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(D14): 1307-1314. doi: 10.1029/2009JD013493
[5]	Mo Shenguo, Zhang Baiping.Simulation of temperature fields based on DEM in Qinling Mts. Journal of Mountain Science, 2007, 25(4): 406-411. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2007.04.004
	[莫申国, 张百平. 基于DEM的秦岭温度场模拟. 山地学报, 2007, 25(4): 406-411.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2007.04.004
[6]	Li Shuangshuang, Yan Junping, Wan Jia.The characteristics of temperature change in Qinling Mountains. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(7): 853-858.
	[李双双, 延军平, 万佳. 全球气候变化下秦岭南北气温变化特征. 地理科学, 2012, 32(7): 853-858.]
[7]	Kang Muyi, Zhu Yuan.Discussion and analysis on the geo-ecological boundary in Qinling Range. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(7): 2774-2784.
	[康慕谊, 朱源. 秦岭山地生态分界线的论证. 生态学报, 2007, 27(7): 2774-2784.]
[8]	Zhou Qi, Bian Juanjuan, Zheng Jingyun.Variation of air temperature and thermal resources in the northern and southern regions of the Qinling Mountains from 1951-2009. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(9): 1211-1218.
	[周旗, 卞娟娟, 郑景云. 秦岭南北1951-2009年的气温与热量资源变化. 地理学报, 2011, 66(9): 1211-1218.]
[9]	Liu Xianfeng, Pan Yaozhong, Zhu Xiufang et al. Spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage in Qinling-Daba mountains in relation to environmental factors. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(5): 705-716. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201505003
	[孙宪锋, 潘耀忠, 朱秀芳, 等. 2000-2014年秦巴山区植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因. 地理学报, 2015, 70(5): 705-716.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201505003
[10]	Fu Baopu, Li Yuanzhao.The climate features in Qinling Mts. Journal of Shaanxi Meteoeology, 1983, 11(1): 1-11.
	[傅抱璞, 李元兆. 秦岭山地的气候特点. 陕西气象, 1983, 11(1): 1-11.]
[11]	Fu Baopu, Yu Jingming, Li Zhaoyuan.Characteristics of the summer micro-climate in Mt. Taibai of Qinling. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1982, 37(1): 88-97. doi: 10.11821/xb198201010
	[傅抱璞, 虞静明, 李兆元. 秦岭太白山夏季的小气候特点. 地理学报, 1982, 37(1): 88-97.] doi: 10.11821/xb198201010
[12]	Tang Zhiyao, Fang Jingyun.Temperature variation along the northern and southern slopes of Mt. Taibai, China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006, 139(3): 200-207. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.07.001
[13]	Ren Yi, Liu Mingshi, Tian Lianhui, et al.Biodiversity, Conservation and Management of Taibaishan Nature Reserve. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2006: 17-22.
	[任毅, 刘明时, 田联会, 等. 太白山自然保护区生物多样性研究与管理. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2006: 17-22.]
[14]	Bai Hongying, Ma Xinping, Gao Xiang, et al.Variations in January temperature and 0℃ isothermal curve in Qinling Mountains based on DEM. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(11): 1443-1450.
	[白红英, 马新萍, 高翔, 等. 基于DEM的秦岭山地1月气温及0℃等温线变化. 地理学报, 2012, 67(11): 1443-1450.]
[15]	Qin Jin, Bai Hongying, Li Shuheng, et al.Differences in growth response of Larix chinensis to climate change at the upper timberline of southern and northern slopes of Mt. Taibai in central Qinling Mountains, China . Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016, 36(17)::.
	[秦进, 白红英, 李书恒, 等. 太白山南北坡高山林线太白红杉对气候变化的响应差异. 生态学报, 2016, 36(17): .]
[16]	Ma Xinping, Bai Hongying, He Yingna, et al.The vegetation remote sensing phenology of Qinling Mountains based on NDVI and its response to temperature: Taking with the territory of Shaanxi as an example. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(12): 1616-1621.
	[马新萍, 白红英, 贺映娜, 等. 基于NDVI的秦岭山地植被遥感物候及其气温的响应关系. 地理科学, 2015, 35(12): 1616-1621.]
[17]	Zhang Shanhong, Bai Hongying, Gao Xiang, et al.Spatial-temporal changes of vegetation index and its responses to regional temperature in Taibai Mountain. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(8): 1377-1386. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.08.023
	[张善红, 白红英, 高翔, 等. 太白山植被指数时空变化及其对区域温度的响应. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(8): 1377-1386.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.08.023
[18]	China Meteorological Administration. China Climate Bulletin.Beijing: China Meteorological Administration, 2013-2015.
	[中国气象局.中国气候公报. 北京: 中国气象局, 2013-2015.]
[19]	Manfred K, Theresa F-K, Gert J, et al.Altitudinal temperature lapse rates in an alpine valley: Trends and the influence of season and weather patterns. International Journal of Climatology, 2013, 33(3): 539-555. doi: 10.1002/joc.3444
[20]	Li Yue, Zeng Zhenzhong, Zhao Lin, et al.Spatial patterns of climatological temperature lapse rate in mainland China: A multi-time scale investigation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2015, 120(7): 2661-2675. doi: 10.1002/2014JD022978
[21]	Bai Hongying.The Response of Forest Vegetation to Environment Changes in Qinba Mountains. Beijing: Science Press, 2014.
	[白红英. 秦巴山区森林植被对环境变化的响应. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.]
[22]	Mou Xuejie, Zhao Xinyi.Study on the relationship between surface temperature and land use in Pearl River Delta. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(9): 1589-1597.
	[牟雪洁, 赵昕奕. 珠三角地区地表温度与土地利用类型的关系. 地理研究, 2012, 31(9): 1589-1597.]
[23]	Luo Hongxia, Shao Jingan, Zhang Xueqing.Retrieving land surface temperature based on the radioactive transfer equation in the middle reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Resources Science, 2012, 34(2): 256-264.
	[罗红霞, 邵景安, 张雪清. 基于辐射传输方程的三峡库区腹地地表温度的遥感反演. 资源科学, 2012, 34(2): 256-264.]

位置	站点	经度(°N)	纬度(°E)	海拔(m)
北坡	文公庙	33.998	107.811	3378
	汤峪1号	34.004	107.815	3213
	汤峪2号	34.000	107.816	2767
	汤峪3号	34.013	107.833	2253
	姜眉公路	34.067	107.467	1510
	红河谷	34.004	107.755	1273
	樱鸽	34.083	107.683	857
南坡	文公庙	33.998	107.811	3378
	太洋公路站	33.884	107.409	2329
	太洋公路北站	33.969	107.299	2000
	太洋公路南站	33.872	107.455	1988
	黄柏塬	33.817	107.517	1232

检验统计量	F	P-Value(F)	T	P-Value(T)
2013-2014年 (N)	0.322	0.576	0.061	0.952
2013-2015年 (N)	0.891	0.375	0.467	0.645
2014-2015年 (N)	0.142	0.710	0.398	0.694
2013-2014年 (S)	0.210	0.651	0.277	0.784
2013-2015年 (S)	0.866	0.362	0.947	0.354
2014-2015年 (S)	0.311	0.583	0.689	0.498

气象要素	2013年北坡	2013年南坡	2014年北坡	2014年南坡	2015年北坡	2015年南坡
1月	0.328	0.439	0.381	0.453	0.338	0.404
2月	0.381	0.416	0.326	0.383	0.474	0.500
3月	0.560	0.542	0.584	0.557	0.473	0.498
4月	0.574	0.571	0.544	0.553	0.593	0.587
5月	0.584	0.517	0.629	0.538	0.605	0.549
6月	0.588	0.490	0.620	0.527	0.577	0.532
7月	0.536	0.487	0.680	0.536	0.656	0.525
8月	0.702	0.605	0.592	0.532	0.617	0.509
9月	0.555	0.510	0.466	0.462	0.542	0.480
10月	0.529	0.502	0.476	0.462	0.446	0.437
11月	0.481	0.521	0.477	0.517	0.314	0.384
12月	0.444	0.502	0.456	0.512	0.380	0.436
春季	0.573	0.544	0.586	0.549	0.557	0.545
夏季	0.609	0.527	0.631	0.532	0.616	0.522
秋季	0.521	0.511	0.473	0.477	0.434	0.434
冬季	0.384	0.452	0.388	0.449	0.397	0.447
年均	0.522	0.508	0.515	0.502	0.501	0487