转型期煤炭资源型城市空间重构——以淮南市、淮北市为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb201608005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以淮南市、淮北市4次城市规划中土地利用现状图为基础,运用ArcGIS软件对案例城市空间结构演化进程进行可视化表达和计量分析,揭示了煤炭资源型城市空间结构演化的过程、特征。通过对不同时点、不同用地类型的叠置分析,基于城市主要用地类型间的置换规模、频度、广度、强度及空间邻近关系,总结出商—居置换重构、商—工置换重构、居—工置换重构、工—居置换重构4种空间重构模式。当前,煤炭资源型城市以商—居置换重构和居—工置换重构为主,其空间置换面积大、频率高。最后,分析了经济发展、产业演替、体制改革、城市化、环境保护以及城市规划6个因素对煤炭资源型城市空间重构的影响,认为煤炭资源型城市内部空间重构是一种自我修复过程。

关键词: 空间重构, 模式, 煤炭资源型城市, 淮南市, 淮北市

Abstract:

Based on charts of four present urban planning land uses in Huainan city and Huaibei city, and with the aid of Arcgis software, the process and features of the urban spatial structural evolution in coal source-based cities are disclosed by performing visualization presentation and quantitative analysis on the process of spatial structural evolution in the two cities. By overlaying analysis on different time points and different types of land use, four spatial reconstruction patterns are summarized based on the replacement scales, frequencies, extents, intensities and spatial adjacent relations between the main types of land uses in the cities, i.e., replacement and reconstruction of commercial—residential lands, replacement and reconstruction of commercial—industrial lands, replacement and reconstruction of residential—industrial lands, and replacement and reconstruction of industrial—residential lands. It is indicated that the present coal source-based cities mainly focus on the replacements and reconstructions of commercial—residential lands and those of residential—industrial lands due to their large replacement areas and high frequencies. In conclusion, the influences on the spatial reconstructions in coal source-based cities have been analyzed in six aspects, i.e. economic development, industrial succession, system reformation, urbanization, environmental protection and urban planning. The internal spatial reconstruction is believed to be a self-repairment process for the coal source-based cities.

Key words: spatial reconstruction, patterns, coal source-based cities, Huainan city, Huaibei city

杨显明, 焦华富. 转型期煤炭资源型城市空间重构——以淮南市、淮北市为例[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(8): 1343-1356.

Xianming YANG, Huafu JIAO. Spatial reconstruction of the coal resource-based city during the transition period: A case study of Huainan city and Huaibei city[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(8): 1343-1356.

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城市	时间	项目	居住用地置换工业用地	居住用地置换仓储用地	商业及公共设施用地置换居住用地	商业及公共设施用地置换工业用地	商业及公共设施用地置换仓仓储用地	工业用地置换居住用地
淮南市	1960- 1984年	重构斑块数量	—	—	5	—	—	—
		最小斑块面积	—	—	0.0009	—	—	—
		最大斑块面积	—	—	0.0724	—	—	—
		重构面积	—	—	0.1033	—	—	—
		平均面积	—	—	0.0207	—	—	—
	1984- 1996年	重构斑块数量	—	—	103	6	—	—
		最小斑块面积	—	—	0	0.0001	—	—
		最大斑块面积	—	—	0.1010	0.0572	—	—
		重构面积	—	—	1.2549	0.0829	—	—
		平均面积	—	—	0.0122	0.0138	—	—
	1996- 2009年	重构斑块数量	46	6	110	28	6	46
		最小斑块面积	0	0	0	0	0	0
		最大斑块面积	0.0020	0.0010	0.0689	0.2115	0.0111	0.0020
		重构面积	0.0126	0.0013	1.1572	0.4935	0.0317	0.0126
		平均面积	0.0003	0.0002	0.0105	0.0176	0.0053	0.0003
淮北市	1962- 1980年	重构斑块数量	11	—	—	—	—	—
		最小斑块面积	0.0006	—	—	—	—	—
		最大斑块面积	0.0926	—	—	—	—	—
		重构面积	0.3262	—	—	—	—	—
		平均面积	0.0297	—	—	—	—	—
	1980- 1995年	重构斑块数量	4	1	77	8	2	4
		最小斑块面积	0	0.0002	0	0.0007	0.0020	0
		最大斑块面积	0.0030	0.0002	0.0079	0.0075	0.0289	0.0030
		重构面积	0.0034	0.0002	0.6822	0.0324	0.0486	0.0034
		平均面积	0.0008	0.0002	0.0089	0.0040	0.0243	0.0008
	1995- 2010年	重构斑块数量	137	31	116	64	19	47
		最小斑块面积	0	0	0	0	0.0001	0
		最大斑块面积	0.0794	0.0237	0.0432	0.1029	0.0320	0.0391
		重构面积	1.6170	0.2106	0.6317	0.6198	0.1334	0.4386
		平均面积	0.0118	0.0068	0.0054	0.0097	0.0070	0.0093

重构模式	性质	发生的空间位置	置换面积、频率	空间形态特征
居—工置换重构模式	置换型重构	城市内部、外缘皆有以内部为主	置换面积大频率高	斑点状
商—居置换重构模式	置换型重构	城市内部	置换面积较大、频率最高	块状、现状、点状
商—工置换重构模式	置换型重构	城市内部	置换面积小、频率低	点状、块状
工—居置换重构模式	扩张型重构	城市外缘为主、内部为辅	频率低	面状、点状