地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (7): 1130-1143.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201607004
刘芳1(), 闫慧敏1(
), 刘纪远1, 肖向明2,3, 秦元伟2
收稿日期:
2015-11-08
修回日期:
2016-04-11
出版日期:
2016-07-25
发布日期:
2016-07-25
作者简介:
作者简介:刘芳(1984-), 女, 河北石家庄人, 博士, 主要从事土地利用变化及其生态环境效应研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Fang LIU1(), Huimin YAN1(
), Jiyuan LIU1, Xiangming XIAO2,3, Yuanwei QIN2
Received:
2015-11-08
Revised:
2016-04-11
Published:
2016-07-25
Online:
2016-07-25
Supported by:
摘要:
土地利用强度直接反映了人类活动对自然生态系统的影响程度,成为全球环境变化的重要驱动力,也是土地利用可持续程度的重要测度指标。当前土地科学研究主要关注土地覆被变化及其对生态环境的影响,而土地利用强度的高分辨率时空表达尚在探索阶段。本文基于土地利用栅格成分数据、遥感数据、社会经济数据等空间化指标要素,根据地表被人类活动干扰程度及其可逆性分为人工地类、半人工地类、半天然地类、天然地类4个一级类型;依据耕作强度、人口密度等人类活动强度指标分为22个二级类型,获得空间分辨率为1 km的中国土地利用强度图。21世纪初全国人工地类、半人工地类、半天然地类和天然地类的面积比例分别为0.71%、19.36%、58.93%和21%,人口分布密集的东南部土地利用强度类型多样,且整体高于人口稀疏的西北部;随着经度的增加,土地利用强度类型由以天然地类和半天然地类为主转变为半天然地类和半人工地类为主;东部省市区土地利用强度高于中、西部,西部省市区土地利用强度最低;土地利用强度类型呈区域性集聚分布。与已有研究相比,该研究有效刻画了中国土地利用强度的空间异质性,有助于深入理解人类与自然生态系统的交互格局及其生态环境效应,为可持续土地利用政策的制定提供科学依据。
刘芳, 闫慧敏, 刘纪远, 肖向明, 秦元伟. 21世纪初中国土地利用强度的空间分布格局[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(7): 1130-1143.
Fang LIU, Huimin YAN, Jiyuan LIU, Xiangming XIAO, Yuanwei QIN. Spatial pattern of land use intensity in China in 2000[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(7): 1130-1143.
表1
土地利用强度分类系统
一级类 | 二级类 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
人工地类 | 城市 | 城市分布集中区,人口集中 |
村庄和工矿用地 | 农村居民点和工矿用地,人口数量多但景观相对破碎化 | |
半人工地类(耕地) | 三季水田 | 三季种植的水田 |
二季水田 | 两季种植的水田 | |
一季水田 | 一季种植的水田 | |
三季灌溉 | 三季种植的灌溉旱地 | |
二季灌溉 | 两季种植的灌溉旱地 | |
一季灌溉 | 一季种植的灌溉旱地 | |
三季雨养 | 三季种植的雨养旱地 | |
二季雨养 | 两季种植的雨养旱地 | |
一季雨养 | 一季种植的雨养旱地 | |
休耕地 | 闲置起来以备播种的可耕地 | |
半天然地类 (林地、草地和水域) | 高强度利用林地 | 人口分布较密集(> 100人/km2) |
低强度利用林地 | 人口分布较稀疏(1~100人/km2) | |
自然林地 | 人口分布极为稀少(< 1人/km2) | |
高强度利用草地 | 牲畜分布较密集(> 10 TLU/km2) | |
低强度利用草地 | 牲畜分布较稀疏(1~10 TLU /km2) | |
自然草地 | 牲畜分布极为稀少(< 1 TLU /km2) | |
高强度利用水域 | 人口分布较密集(> 100人/km2)的县域内的水域 | |
低强度利用水域 | 人口分布较稀疏(1~100人/km2)的县域内的水域 | |
自然水域 | 人口分布极为稀少(< 1人/km2)的县域内的水域 | |
天然地类(未利用地) | 未利用地 | 沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、沼泽、裸土地和裸岩石砾地 |
表2
2000年中国土地利用强度一级类型分区比例统计
分区 | 人工地类(%) | 半人工地类(%) | 半天然地类(%) | 天然地类(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
东北区 | 13.20 | 17.88 | 10.12 | 2.20 |
内蒙及长城沿线区 | 5.42 | 8.74 | 10.22 | 2.87 |
黄淮海区 | 35.57 | 19.22 | 1.09 | 0.11 |
黄土高原区 | 5.10 | 8.81 | 4.23 | 0.07 |
长江中下游区 | 15.98 | 18.81 | 10.80 | 0.10 |
西南区 | 4.64 | 14.65 | 12.99 | 0.03 |
华南区 | 13.62 | 6.15 | 6.56 | 0.02 |
甘新区 | 5.78 | 5.07 | 12.89 | 70.93 |
青藏区 | 0.70 | 0.66 | 31.09 | 23.67 |
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