重庆市新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201605010

地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (5): 817-828.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201605010

重庆市新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析

张引^1,²(), 杨庆媛³(), 闵婕⁴

1. 西南大学资源环境学院,重庆 400715
2. 西南大学文化与社会发展学院,重庆 400715
3. 西南大学地理科学学院,重庆 400715
4. 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆 400047

收稿日期:2015-09-18 修回日期:2016-03-17 出版日期:2016-05-25 发布日期:2016-05-25
作者简介:
作者简介：张引(1977-), 男, 四川广元人, 讲师, 研究方向为城市与区域规划、人文地理学。E-mail: zhy@swu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家社科规划一般项目(2014YBJJ039);重庆市社科基金青年项目(2012QNSH019);中央高校基本科研重点项目(SWU1509136)

An analysis of coupling between the bearing capacity of the ecological environment and the quality of new urbanization in Chongqing

Yin ZHANG^1,²(), Qingyuan YANG³(), Jie MIN⁴

1. School of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2. School of Culture and Social Development Study, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
3. School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
4. College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400075, China

Received:2015-09-18 Revised:2016-03-17 Online:2016-05-25 Published:2016-05-25
Supported by:
National Social Science Planning Fund of China, No.2014YBJJ039;Chongqing Social Science Fund of Youth, No.2012QNSH019;Central University Basic Scientific Research Fund of Major Project, No.SWU1509136

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以重庆市为研究对象,采用耦合分析法,通过分析新型城镇化质量和生态环境承载力主要指标,构建新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合协调模型,计算2000-2012年重庆市及各区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力的耦合度,评价重庆市新型城镇化质量和生态环境承载力耦合阶段及水平,分析生态环境承载力与新型城镇化发展质量的耦合分类,为探索可持续发展的城镇化道路提供数据参考。结果显示：2000-2012年,① 重庆全市耦合度处于在0.967~1.000之间,显示出重庆市的新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力的耦合阶段处在高水平耦合时期;② 重庆市区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合度分布基本符合“一圈两翼”的空间分异规律,耦合度范围在0.884~1.000之间,也处于生态环境与城镇化质量高耦合时期;③ 但重庆市各区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力存在明显区域差异,尤其是生态环境承载力指数的空间差异比较明显,根据耦合状况可以大致分为4种区县耦合类型。表明重庆市快速城镇化的后果导致都市区生态压力增大,生态承载力空间差异显著的现实将导致原有城镇化发展方式面临不可维系局面,亟需调整城镇化发展方式;发展新型城镇化应通过优化资源利用方式,调整产业空间布局和升级产业达到疏导人口分布和提升城镇化发展质量的目的,最终缓解生态环境因城镇化快速发展带来的压力。

关键词: 新型城镇化质量, 生态环境承载力, 耦合分析, 重庆市

Abstract:

Using data for Chongqing Municipality, China, we conducted a coupling analysis of key indexes to accomplish the following objectives. We aimed to identify a coupling mechanism for the bearing capacity of the ecological environment (BCEE) and the quality of new urbanization based on an examination of the degree of their coupling in Chongqing during the period 2000-2012. We further aimed to evaluate the level of regional coupling and to determine the stage of urbanization at which an optimal outcome could be achieved to ensure sustainable urbanization within the region. Applying an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we assessed the main indicators of BCEE and the quality of new urbanization in Chongqing. Accordingly, we constructed a model of ecological environment coupling coordination for analyzing the degree of regional coupling between the ecological environment and urbanization quality for evaluating the BCEE of Chongqing's cities and towns in 2000-2012. We obtained the following results for the study period. First, the overall degree of regional coupling of the quality of new urbanization and the BCEE was between 0.967 and 1.000, implying an advanced stage of coupling. Second, the coupling degree ranged between 0.884 and 1.000 in all of the districts and counties of Chongqing, implying a further advanced stage of coupling with a distinct spatial pattern of "one circle and two wings." Third, the coupling degree for all districts and counties matched that of the overall degree of regional coupling, barring obvious spatial variation, especially in relation to BCEE indicators. All of the districts and counties were classified into four types according to the degree of coupling between new urbanization quality and the BCEE. The findings indicate that rapid urbanization has led to increased ecological pressure within the Chongqing metropolitan area because of a concentration of the population within the central city. Moreover, with the fast pace of development in central city districts, their BCEE differs from that of other districts and counties. This will create a pattern of primary urbanization that can lead to an unsustainable situation in the near future. Local governments should, therefore, modify present urban development patterns accordingly. Optimization of resources utilization as well as adjustments in industrial distribution and industrial upgrading are recommended as effective measures that can disperse the population and reduce the pressure exerted by urbanization on the ecological environment.

Key words: new urbanization quality, bearing capacity of ecological environment (BCEE), coupling analysis, Chongqing Municipality

张引, 杨庆媛, 闵婕. 重庆市新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(5): 817-828.

Yin ZHANG, Qingyuan YANG, Jie MIN. An analysis of coupling between the bearing capacity of the ecological environment and the quality of new urbanization in Chongqing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(5): 817-828.

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
城镇化质量x	城镇化水平x₁	常住人口城镇化率x₁₁
		城镇建成区占比x₁₂
		非农产业产值GDP占比x₁₃
	城镇化效率x₂	万元GDP能耗x₂₀₁
		单位劳动力产值x₂₀₂
		R&D投入GDP占比x₂₀₃
		土地产出率x₂₀₄
		人均国内生产总值x₂₀₅
		二、三产业从业人员比x₂₀₆
		义务教务普及率x₂₀₇
		城乡医疗、养老保险覆盖率x₂₀₈
		污水、垃圾集中处理率x₂₀₉
		城市首位率x₂₁₀
		城乡居民收入比x₂₁₁
		乡村信息化覆盖率x₂₁₂
		建成区绿地覆盖率x₂₁₃
		空气质量年达标天数x₂₁₄
生态环境y	生态环境水平y₁	森林覆盖率y₁₁
		建成区面积覆盖率y₁₂
		人均耕地面积y₁₃
		人均水资源量y₁₄
	生态环境压力y₂	人均工业废水排放y₂₁
		人均工业废气排放y₂₂
		人均工业固体废弃物排放y₂₃
		万元产值能源消耗量y₂₄
	生态环境保护y₃	工业废水排放达标率y₃₁
		工业固体废物综合利用率y₃₂
		环保投资占GDP比重y₃₃

年份	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
生态环境承载力指数	0.473	0.531	0.573	0.574	0.549	0.579	0.622	0.654	0.698	0.725	0.789	0.789	0.962
新型城镇化质量指数	0.281	0.431	0.479	0.514	0.536	0.559	0.597	0.629	0.655	0.681	0.711	0.757	0.791
耦合度C	0.967	0.995	0.996	0.998	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.999	1.000	0.999	1.000	0.998

区县	新型城镇化质量	生态环境承载力	耦合度	耦合阶段与类型	区县	新型城镇化质量	生态环境承载力	耦合度	耦合阶段与类型
九龙坡区	0.603	0.471	0.993	I	巴南区	0.578	0.769	0.990	II
大渡口区	0.676	0.475	0.985	I	长寿区	0.514	0.773	0.980	II
南岸区	0.634	0.607	1.000	I	南川区	0.476	0.532	0.998	III
渝中区	0.600	0.614	1.000	I	梁平县	0.483	0.593	0.995	III
沙坪坝区	0.624	0.616	1.000	I	垫江县	0.464	0.627	0.989	III
江北区	0.626	0.622	1.000	I	万州区	0.482	0.716	0.981	III
北碚区	0.604	0.666	0.999	I	石柱县	0.399	0.755	0.951	III
綦江区	0.513	0.475	0.999	II	开县	0.435	0.759	0.962	III
璧山区	0.576	0.502	0.998	II	城口县	0.458	0.767	0.968	III
荣昌区	0.561	0.506	0.999	II	巫溪县	0.436	0.767	0.961	III
大足区	0.525	0.556	1.000	II	云阳县	0.494	0.918	0.954	III
永川区	0.565	0.557	1.000	II	秀山县	0.373	0.737	0.945	IV
江津区	0.566	0.622	0.999	II	忠县	0.474	0.916	0.948	IV
潼南区	0.515	0.701	0.988	II	彭水县	0.333	0.917	0.884	IV
渝北区	0.593	0.710	0.996	II	巫山县	0.452	0.920	0.940	IV
铜梁区	0.549	0.724	0.991	II	丰都县	0.441	0.922	0.936	IV
涪陵区	0.542	0.729	0.989	II	奉节县	0.436	0.929	0.933	IV
合川区	0.516	0.743	0.984	II	武隆县	0.485	0.940	0.948	IV
黔江区	0.500	0.747	0.980	II	酉阳县	0.392	0.980	0.904	IV

重庆市新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析

An analysis of coupling between the bearing capacity of the ecological environment and the quality of new urbanization in Chongqing

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