1930s-2000年广西地区石漠化分布的变迁

doi:10.11821/dlxb201603003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据民国时期《广西省各县石山林木保护办法》中对石山的定义,对应目前石漠化等级划分方法,把该时期的石山区解读为轻度及以上石漠化分布地区.通过对1930s国民政府参谋本部陆地测量总局编绘的1:10万广西省地形图上所绘石山范围进行数字化,并与2000年广西壮族自治区石漠化分布现状图进行比较,揭示了近70年来广西地区石漠化分布在空间上的变化.研究表明:① 1930s广西地区轻度及以上石漠化面积为31922.25 km²,比2000年的27123.21 km²多出4799 km²,说明民国时期广西地区轻度及以上石漠化土地分布范围比当代的大,但在空间变迁上表现出此增彼减的变化特点;② 2000年的数据中有47个县石漠化面积比1930s的少,减少的总面积为9045.5 km²,集中分布在广西西部和中部,都安瑶族自治县的变化最明显,近70年内减少了894.8 km²;③ 2000年有30个县的石漠化面积比1930s的多,共增加了4246 km²,集中分布在广西东北部,其中全州县增加了556.55 km².

关键词: 历史自然地理, 石漠化, 历史文献研究, 广西地区

Abstract:

This article begins by defining the stony hills as places where light and more severe rocky desertification occurred in the Republic of China, based on an identification of stony hills found in a contemporary archive entitled Protection Regulations for Stony Hills and Forest in the Counties of Guangxi Province. We have digitized all of the stony hill areas that were depicted on 1:100 000 scale topographic maps of Guangxi by the Land Survey Bureau of General Staff Department of Nationalist Government of China in the 1930s, and we have compared them with the distribution of rocky desertification in 2000 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region through a graphics overlaying operation, thus revealing the spatial change in the distribution of rocky desertification in Guangxi in the past 70 years. We conclude that: (1) The area of light and more severe rocky desertification in Guangxi in the 1930s comes to 31922.25 km², which is 4799 km² more than 27123.21 km² in 2000. This shows that rocky desertification in the Republic of China covered a larger area than that of contemporary Guangxi. However, the spatial change varied in different areas: in some places rocky desertification increased while in others it declined. (2) The data of 2000 shows that the area of rock desertification declined in 47 counties, and that the total reduction is 9045.5 km². The reduction was mainly observed in the western and central part of Guangxi. The most significant reduction occurred in Du'an County, being 894.8 km². (3) The area of rocky desertification expanded in 30 counties, and the region of expansion is concentrated in northeastern Guangxi. The expansion is the greatest in Quanzhou, being 556.55 km².

Key words: historical physical geography, rocky desertification, study of historical literature, Guangxi Area

韩昭庆, 冉有华, 刘俊秀, 李军. 1930s-2000年广西地区石漠化分布的变迁[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(3): 390-399.

Zhaoqing HAN, Youhua RAN, Junxiu LIU, Jun LI. The changing distribution of rocky desertification in the Guangxi Region, 1930s to 2000[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(3): 390-399.

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石漠化程度	岩石裸露程度(%)	裸岩平面形态	生态环境
无石漠化	< 10	点状	乔灌草植被,土层厚
潜在石漠化	10~30	点状+线状	灌乔草植被,土层薄
轻度石漠化	30~50	线状+点状	乔草+灌草,土不连续分布
中度石漠化	50~70	线状+面状	疏草+疏灌,土散布
重度石漠化	> 70	面状	疏草,土零星分布

县名	现状面积	县名	现状面积	县名	现状面积
巴马瑶族自治县	322.73	金秀瑶族自治县	1.73	浦北县	0.00
百色市	42.09	靖西县	1681.73	钦州市市辖区	0.00
北海市市辖区	0.00	来宾县	1012.19	全州县	855.79
北流市	0.00	乐业县	236.98	容县	0.00
宾阳县	59.65	荔浦县	184.11	融安县	261.38
博白县	0.00	临桂县	145.79	融水苗族自治县	68.54
苍梧县	0.00	灵川县	193.94	三江侗族自治县	0.00
岑溪市	0.00	灵山县	0.00	上林县	583.97
崇左县	372.63	凌云县	237.70	上思县	0.00
大化瑶族自治县	1559.64	柳城县	556.75	藤县	0.00
大新县	501.88	柳江县	810.44	天等县	820.41
德保县	857.47	柳州市市辖区	35.42	天峨县	68.91
东兰县	403.62	龙胜各族自治县	3.37	田东县	340.93
东兴市	0.00	龙州县	188.24	田林县	124.32
都安瑶族自治县	1721.83	资源县	0.00	田阳县	215.56
防城港市市辖区	0.00	隆安县	361.30	梧州市市辖区	0.00
凤山县	353.69	隆林各族自治县	268.02	武鸣县	296.58
扶绥县	519.17	陆川县	0.00	武宣县	217.15
富川瑶族自治县	238.45	鹿寨县	374.79	西林县	32.66
恭城瑶族自治县	167.79	罗城仫佬族自治县	502.50	象州县	328.29
灌阳县	118.01	马山县	1054.24	忻城县	1130.72
贵港市市辖区	113.91	蒙山县	0.86	兴安县	59.44
桂林市市辖区	93.74	那坡县	450.84	阳朔县	573.72
桂平市	11.41	南丹县	1325.09	宜州市	982.21
合浦县	0.00	南宁市市辖区	17.54	邕宁县	1.09
合山市	101.47	宁明县	78.96	永福县	79.68
河池市	447.30	平果县	1086.16	玉林市市辖区	0.00
贺州市	42.89	平乐县	267.41	昭平县	86.45
横县	35.83	平南县	0.00	钟山县	216.90
环江毛南族自治县	589.82	凭祥市	27.38	总计	27123.21

县名	1930s	2000年	减少的面积
藤县	0.60	0.00	0.60
三江侗族自治县	1.07	0.00	1.07
百色市	44.99	42.09	2.90
平南县	3.56	0.00	3.56
金秀瑶族自治县	9.42	1.73	7.69
玉林市市辖区	11.24	0.00	11.24
昭平县	98.36	86.45	11.91
岑溪市	14.16	0.00	14.16
上思县	22.48	0.00	22.48
凤山县	376.89	353.69	23.19
北流市	25.78	0.00	25.78
合山市	139.16	101.47	37.69
扶绥县	557.29	519.17	38.12
德保县	895.84	857.47	38.37
宾阳县	100.23	59.65	40.58
兴安县	108.49	59.44	49.05
容县	57.50	0.00	57.50
上林县	651.92	583.97	67.95
融水苗族自治县	144.78	68.54	76.24
平果县	1183.69	1086.16	97.53
柳城县	662.01	556.75	105.27
武鸣县	410.74	296.58	114.16
隆林各族自治县	384.99	268.02	116.96
邕宁县	125.91	1.09	124.82
来宾县	1142.83	1012.19	130.63
柳州市市辖区	167.45	35.42	132.03
天峨县	231.46	68.91	162.54
田东县	506.29	340.93	165.37
贵港市市辖区	282.20	113.91	168.30
东兰县	606.67	403.62	203.05
马山县	1269.50	1054.24	215.25
田林县	360.23	124.32	235.91
隆安县	606.67	361.30	245.37
忻城县	1396.59	1130.72	265.87
南宁市市辖区	286.49	17.54	268.95
环江毛南族自治县	887.50	589.82	297.68
宁明县	378.64	78.96	299.68
田阳县	516.70	215.56	301.13
乐业县	554.70	236.98	317.72
罗城仫佬族自治县	846.60	502.50	344.09
龙州县	541.71	188.24	353.48
崇左县	831.33	372.63	458.71
宜州市	1489.06	982.21	506.85
大新县	1039.25	501.88	537.37
河池市	1146.63	447.30	699.33
凌云县	990.21	237.70	752.51
都安瑶族自治县	2616.67	1721.83	894.84
总计			9045.49

县名	1930s	2000年	增加的面积
蒙山县	0.00	0.86	0.86
龙胜各族自治县	0.00	3.37	3.37
天等县	811.82	820.41	8.58
桂平市	1.50	11.41	9.91
凭祥市	11.18	27.38	16.20
贺州市	17.42	42.89	25.48
柳江县	780.62	810.44	29.82
大化瑶族自治县	1527.54	1559.64	32.09
西林县	0.48	32.66	32.19
横县	2.66	35.83	33.17
恭城瑶族自治县	128.01	167.79	39.78
武宣县	145.73	217.15	71.43
永福县	0.00	79.68	79.68
灌阳县	32.53	118.01	85.48
桂林市市辖区	0.00	93.74	93.74
鹿寨县	244.58	374.79	130.21
那坡县	320.38	450.84	130.45
靖西县	1549.01	1681.73	132.72
临桂县	0.00	145.79	145.79
灵川县	34.10	193.94	159.84
荔浦县	20.77	184.11	163.34
钟山县	31.93	216.90	184.97
富川瑶族自治县	8.75	238.45	229.69
融安县	17.13	261.38	244.25
平乐县	22.16	267.41	245.25
象州县	69.04	328.29	259.25
巴马瑶族自治县	54.98	322.73	267.75
南丹县	966.40	1325.09	358.69
阳朔县	97.81	573.72	475.91
全州县	299.25	855.79	556.55
总计			4246.44