高速铁路对城市网络结构的影响研究----基于铁路客运班列分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201602007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市网络是近年来城市与区域研究的一个新方向.基于2003-2013年间8个横截面的中国铁路客运班列数据,采用加权度中心性和社区结构模型,探讨高速铁路建设对城市等级和集聚性空间格局及演化的影响.研究表明:① 基于铁路客运组织的城市等级结构呈现出位序--规模分布的特征和集聚性,且三大地带和各社区内城市也呈现出明显的位序--规模分布,随着高速铁路网络的扩展,加权度中心性的集聚性更明显,并逐步呈现出较为明显的层级结构和社区结构.② 城市等级结构呈现出明显的东中西地带性,廊道效应和经济,人口的耦合性,即基于铁路客运班列的城市等级结构与基于属性数据(人口/GDP)的结果表现出较大的相似性,但也存在一定的差异.城市社区结构与中国高速铁路网络,城市群的空间分布格局基本一致.随着高速铁路的建设,东中西三大地带间城市等级的差异呈扩大态势,但各社区间城市等级的差异呈缩小态势,部分社区核心城市已形成.

关键词: 铁路客运班列, 中心性, 社区结构, 城市网络

Abstract:

The evolution of inter-city network influenced by globalization and information technology has become a hot topic in city and urban research. This study tries to explore the evolution of nodal hierarchy and communities in inter-city network based on passenger train network during the rapid development period of High-speed Railway (HSR) in China since 2003. Results indicate that: (1) the evolved HSR network in China enlarged the disparities of weighted degree centrality between regions, but decreased the disparities of that between communities, and led to an increasing concentrated city hierarchy with fewer cities having high centrality value, and a growing similarity between the city hierarchies measured by the passenger train network and by city attributes (such as population and GDP); (2) the city hierarchy measured by passenger train network followed a rank-size distribution in the national and regional levels, as well as in some communities. (3) Spatially, cities with higher hierarchy in passenger train network and larger improvement in weighted centrality indicator were mostly located in the eastern region or the areas with the distance to the nearest HSR stations below 50 km, developed economy and high population density; the cities in 2013 could be divided into 14 communities, including the communities with cities mainly located along Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Wuhan and Wuhan-Chengdu, Wuhan-Guangzhou, Beijing-Jiujiang, Hangzhou-Xiamen, Lanzhou-Urumqi trunk rail lines, and located in Northeast China, Shanxi Province, Inner Mongolia. (4) The evolution of communities was mostly influenced by the natural environment and administrative areas, especially by the development of HSR network.

Key words: passenger train network, centrality, community, inter-city network

焦敬娟, 王姣娥, 金凤君, 王涵. 高速铁路对城市网络结构的影响研究----基于铁路客运班列分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(2): 265.

Jingjuan JIAO, Jiao'e WANG, Fengjun JIN, Han WANG. Impact of high-speed rail on inter-city network based on the passenger train network in China, 2003-2013[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(2): 265-.

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年份		2003年	2007年	2008年	2009年	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年
城市个数		245	278	279	285	284	293	294	297
加权度中心性	q	0.991	1.021	1.023	1.022	1.035	1.051	1.075	1.083
	a	3.885	4.063	4.068	4.132	4.138	4.225	4.284	4.34
	R²	0.581	0.564	0.566	0.554	0.558	0.566	0.551	0.558
人口规模	q	0.795	1.061	1.06	1.064	1.067	1.041	1.038	-
	a	9.121	10.788	10.793	10.834	10.873	10.727	10.718	-
	R²	0.518	0.686	0.69	0.694	0.691	0.663	0.663	-
相关系数		0.379	0.426	0.41	0.453	0.454	0.503	0.534	-

2003年	城市	2013年	城市
第一层级 (WDC > 320)	北京,郑州,上海,南京,株洲,武汉,徐州,石家庄,蚌埠,衡阳,西安,济南,无锡,广州,杭州,天津,洛阳,常州,苏州,长沙,鹰潭,沈阳,镇江,德州,郴州和三门峡等26个城市	第一层级 (WDC > 600)	上海,北京,南京,郑州,武汉,广州,徐州,杭州,苏州,无锡,石家庄,常州,济南,天津,沈阳,镇江,西安,株洲,蚌埠,洛阳,秦皇岛,商丘,唐山和长沙等24个城市
第二层级(140 < WDC < 320)	邯郸,韶关,安阳,南昌,信阳,漯河,商丘,沧州,新乡,锦州,宿迁,金华,宝鸡,邢台,保定,许昌,嘉兴和渭南等75个城市	第二层级 (250 < WDC < 600)	南昌,成都,锦州,德州,金华,泰安,长春,衡阳,鹰潭,嘉兴,韶关,合肥,郴州,信阳,邯郸,葫芦岛,深圳和新乡等89个城市
第三层级(WDC < 140)	武威,廊坊,金昌,九江,南平,吉安,赣州,黔南州,湘潭,张掖,临汾,深圳,菏泽,吐鲁番,福州和广安等144个城市	第三层级 (WDC < 250)	武威,张掖,包头,佛山,大连,定西,辽阳,马鞍山,荆门,安顺,哈密,德阳,金昌,吐鲁番,乌鲁木齐,阳泉和嘉峪关等185个城市

加权度中心性	2003年均值			2013年均值			加权度中心性	变化幅度
	城市		GDP	人口规模	城市	GDP	人口规模	城市	GDP	人口规模
	个数		(亿元)	(万人)	个数	(亿元)	(万人)	个数	(亿元)	(万人)
> 600	2	2382.7	898.4	24	6848.6	722.3	>400	9	9917	800.6
320~600	23	1459.7	618.3	65	2291.9	549.2	200~400	59	3218	568.3
250~320	19	458.6	537.5	24	1863.7	427.8	100~200	83	1619	429.4
140~250	57	503.6	502.1	57	1296.6	353.6	0~100	132	1075	320.4
< 140	144	333	336.9	127	1105.5	317.2	< 0	14	1216	362

名称	2003年社区成员区位	2003年社区成员数			2013年社区成员区位	2013年社区成员数
名称	2003年社区成员区位	第一层级		第二层级	第三层级	第一层级	第二层级	第三层级
社区1	京广线和武汉-宜昌铁路沿线	9	18	21	京沪线和胶东半岛	11	13	17
社区2	京沪沿线和胶州半岛	11	12	15	京武线和武城线	5	21	19
社区3	沪昆沿线	2	15	29	南方地区(除京广线和京九线)	1	16	31
社区4	兰新沿线及四川省	2	10	22	东北地区	3	8	32
社区5	东北地区	1	9	31	武广线	3	7	7
社区6	京九线		6	16	兰新线	1	8	30
社区7	蒙晋地区社区		6	8	京九线		9	10
社区8	四川省南部			2	东南沿海		5	8
社区9					内蒙古中部		1	11
社区10					山西省		1	7
社区11					江苏省东部			5
社区12					海南省			2
社区13					云南省西部			3
社区14					云南省西部			2