城市化背景下嘉兴市河流水系的时空变化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201601006

地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (1): 75-85.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201601006

城市化背景下嘉兴市河流水系的时空变化

邓晓军^1,², 许有鹏¹, 韩龙飞¹, 李广¹, 王跃峰¹, 项捷¹, 徐光来^1,³

1. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210023
2. 广西师范大学环境与资源学院,桂林 541004
3. 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,芜湖 241000

收稿日期:2015-11-16 修回日期:2015-12-16 出版日期:2016-01-31 发布日期:2016-01-15
作者简介:
作者简介:邓晓军(1981-), 男, 江西吉安人, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为流域水资源与水环境.E-mail: mijun45@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41371046, 41301029);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201072, 201301075);江苏自然科学基金项目(BK20131276)

Spatial-temporal changes of river systems in Jiaxing under the background of urbanization

DENG Xiaojun^1,², XU Youpeng¹, HAN Longfei¹, LI Guang¹, WANG Yuefeng¹, XIANG Jie¹, XU Guanglai^1,³

1. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Environmental Science and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
3. College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China

Received:2015-11-16 Revised:2015-12-16 Published:2016-01-31 Online:2016-01-15
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41371046, No.41301029;Commonwealth and Specialized Program for Scientific Research, Ministry of Water Resources of China, No.201201072, No.201301075;Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No.BK20131278

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于1960s,1980s和2010s的三期水系数据,通过构建定量描述河流水系变化特征的指标体系,对嘉兴市河流水系的时空变化特征及其与城市化的关系进行研究.结果表明:① 近50年来,嘉兴市的河流水系呈现出剧烈衰减的趋势,其中河流发育系数,河网密度和水面率分别减少了58.91%,28.49%和14.09%,但在城市化不同阶段,河流水系衰减的程度并不完全一致.② 在整个城市化进程中,河流发育系数和干流面积长度比变化的空间差异非常大,河网密度和水面率变化的空间差异相对较大,而盒维数和河流曲度变化的空间差异相对较小.③ 河流发育系数,盒维数和河网密度的衰减趋势为城区>近郊>远郊,水面率的衰减趋势为远郊>近郊>城区,河流曲度的衰减趋势为近郊>城区>远郊,但干流面积长度比的空间变化趋势不明显.④ 城市化对河流水系变化的影响十分显著,且城市化水平越高的地区河流水系的变化越剧烈,而城市化对干流面积长度比与河流曲度的影响大于其对河流发育系数与河网密度的影响.

关键词: 河流水系, 时空变化, 城市化, 嘉兴

Abstract:

Based on the river system data in the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s, the indicator system of quantitative description of river systems change characteristics was established, then the spatial-temporal changes of river systems and its relationship with urbanization in Jiaxing over the past 50 years was analyzed. Results indicated that: (1) Over the past half century, river systems of Jiaxing showed a decline trend. Specifically, the river development coefficient, river density and water surface ratio decreased by 58.91%, 28.94% and 14.09%, respectively. However, the degradation of the river systems varies in different urbanization stages. (2) In the whole urbanization process, the spatial differences of the changes of the river development coefficient and main river area length ratio were extremely large, and the spatial differences of the changes of the river density and water surface ratio were larger, but the spatial differences of the changes of the box dimension and river sinuosity were relatively small. (3) The decline trend of the river development coefficient, box dimension and river density was more significant in the urban area than that in the suburbs and outer suburbs, the decline trend of the water surface ratio was more significant in the outer suburbs than that in the suburbs and urban area, and the decline trend of the river sinuosity was more significant in the suburbs than that in the urban area and outer suburbs, but the spatial change trend of the main river area length ratio was insignificant. (4) The impacts of urbanization on river systems changes were extremely significant, and the changes of river systems were more drastic in higher urbanization level regions, but the impacts of urbanization on main river area length ratio and river sinuosity were larger than that on river development coefficient and river density.

Key words: river systems, spatial-temporal changes, urbanization, Jiaxing

邓晓军, 许有鹏, 韩龙飞, 李广, 王跃峰, 项捷, 徐光来. 城市化背景下嘉兴市河流水系的时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(1): 75-85.

DENG Xiaojun,XU Youpeng,HAN Longfei,LI Guang,WANG Yuefeng,XIANG Jie,XU Guanglai. Spatial-temporal changes of river systems in Jiaxing under the background of urbanization[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(1): 75-85.

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类别	指标	计算方法
水系变化特征	河网密度(D_r)	河流总长度与流域总面积的比值
	水面率(W_p)	河流与湖泊等水体面积与流域总面积的比值
	河流发育系数(K_ω)	支流长度与干流长度的比值
	河流曲度(S_r)	河流起点与终点之间的直线距离与河流长度的比值
	干流面积长度比(R_m)	干流的面积与长度的比值
	盒维数(D₀)	不同比例尺与其测量得到的河网数量的对数关系的直线斜率
城市化水平	人口城市化(U_P)	非农业人口数量与区域人口总量的比值
	经济城市化(U_e)	非农业GDP与区域GDP的比值
	空间城市化(U_s)	城市建设用地面积与区域总面积的比值

水系指标	1960s	1980s	2010s	变化率(%)
水系指标	1960s	1980s	2010s	1960s-1980s	1980s-2010s	1960s-2010s
D_r (km/km²)	4.41	3.64	3.15	-17.48	-13.34	-28.49
W_p(%)	8.59	7.64	7.38	-10.96	-3.51	-14.09
K_ω	5.8	4.11	2.39	-29.17	-41.98	-58.91
S_r	1.14	1.09	1.08	-3.80	-0.29	-4.08
R_m (km²/km)	40.56	40.02	38.62	-1.32	-3.50	-4.78
D₀	1.61	1.55	1.47	-3.73	-5.33	-8.86

城区	D_r(%)	W_p(%)	K_ω(%)	S_r(%)	R_m(%)	D₀(%)
逐渐减少	81.25	37.5	93.75	56.25	25	93.75
先减后增总体减少	12.5	12.5	0	6.25	6.25	0
先增后减总体减少	0	18.75	6.25	25	12.5	6.25
逐渐增加	0	6.25	0	6.25	31.25	0
先减后增总体增加	0	12.5	0	6.25	12.5	0
先增后减总体增加	6.25	12.5	0	0	12.5	0
近郊	D_r(%)	W_p(%)	K_ω(%)	S_r(%)	R_m(%)	D₀(%)
逐渐减少	80.65	35.48	74.19	58.06	9.68	74.19
先减后增总体减少	3.23	35.48	12.90	29.03	9.68	0
先增后减总体减少	6.45	22.58	9.68	6.45	35.48	16.13
逐渐增加	6.45	3.23	3.23	0	9.68	3.23
先减后增总体增加	3.23	3.23	0	3.23	3.23	0
先增后减总体增加	0	0	0	3.23	32.26	6.45
远郊	D_r(%)	W_p(%)	K_ω(%)	S_r(%)	R_m(%)	D₀(%)
逐渐减少	48	48	60	32	12	68
先减后增总体减少	24	36	20	36	16	4
先增后减总体减少	4	12	8	12	12	24
逐渐增加	0	0	4	12	16	0
先减后增总体增加	8	4	4	8	16	0
先增后减总体增加	16	0	4	0	28	4

	D_r	W_p	K_ω	S_r	R_m	D₀
人口城市化	0.8291	0.8551	0.8523	0.8298	0.8491	0.8398
经济城市化	0.6526	0.7027	0.6310	0.6872	0.7373	0.7148
空间城市化	0.7001	0.7510	0.6820	0.7943	0.8238	0.6738
平均值	0.7273	0.7696	0.7218	0.7704	0.8034	0.7428

城市化背景下嘉兴市河流水系的时空变化

Spatial-temporal changes of river systems in Jiaxing under the background of urbanization

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