乡村人口迁出对生态脆弱地区植被覆被的影响——以内蒙古自治区为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb201510007

地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (10): 1622-1631.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201510007

乡村人口迁出对生态脆弱地区植被覆被的影响——以内蒙古自治区为例

李仕冀^1,²(), 李秀彬¹, 谈明洪¹()

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2015-01-04 修回日期:2015-06-01 出版日期:2015-10-20 发布日期:2015-10-20
作者简介:
作者简介：李仕冀(1988-), 男, 河北衡水人, 博士, 主要从事土地利用/覆被变化研究。E-mail: lishiji@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(41161140352)；国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(91325302)；国家自然科学基金项目(41271119)

Impacts of rural-urban migration on vegetation cover in ecologically fragile areas: Taking Inner Mongolia as a case

Shiji LI^1,²(), Xiubin LI¹, Minghong TAN¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2015-01-04 Revised:2015-06-01 Published:2015-10-20 Online:2015-10-20
Supported by:
Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC, No.41161140352;Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.91325302;National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41271119

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态脆弱地区的生态环境状况改善和治理一直是各级政府部门和学者关注的焦点问题。过去10余年,中国城镇化进程发展迅速,生态脆弱地区乡村劳动力大量迁出。那么劳动力人口迁出会在多大程度上影响脆弱地区植被覆被状况的变化呢?本研究利用2000-2010年的NDVI数据、气象观测数据和社会经济数据,采用趋势线分析、显著性检验和多元回归分析等方法,对内蒙古地区植被覆被状况的变化进行了分析,并在县级尺度上定量评估了乡村劳动力人口迁移对区域植被覆被状况的影响。结果表明：① 2000-2010年,内蒙古自治区植被覆被总体呈上升趋势,其中超过28%的地区植被覆被状况显著改善,只有约2%的地区存在较强的退化趋势;② 植被覆被显著退化的地区呈条带状分布于内蒙古自治区中部农牧交错带北部边缘;植被覆被显著改善的地区主要位于内蒙古自治区的东南部与西部地区;③ 2000-2010年,农业劳动力对植被覆被状况的影响已经超过了气候等自然因素的作用,农业劳动力迁出对植被覆被状况提高有显著的促进作用。

关键词: 人口迁移, 农业劳动力, 植被覆盖, NDVI, 内蒙古自治区

Abstract:

Improving the quality of environment in ecologically fragile areas had been paid much attention by scholars and government at different levels. Over the past decade, a large number of rural labors had migrated into urban areas. To what extent would the migration affect the changes of vegetation cover in ecologically fragile areas? In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation cover and its relationship with human activities at the county level based on the NDVI data with a resolution of 1 km, meteorological data and economic data from 2000 to 2010 in Inner Mongolia. The major methods included trend line analysis method, significance testing and multi-regression analysis method. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The vegetation cover of the study area increased by 10.1% during 2000-2010. More than 28% of the vegetation cover increased significantly, and only about 2% decreased evidently during the study period. (2) The area with significant degradation presented a banded distribution in the northern fringe of farming-pastoral ecotone in the central part of Inner Mongolia. It is shown that the ecological environment is still fragile in this area, which should be focused on. The area where vegetation cover significantly improved showed a concentrated distribution in the southeast and west of Inner Mongolia. (3) Effects of agricultural labor on vegetation cover had exceeded those of natural factors such as climate. The emigration of agricultural labor had improved vegetation cover significantly.

Key words: rural-urban migration, agricultural labor, vegetation cover, NDVI, Inner Mongolia

李仕冀, 李秀彬, 谈明洪. 乡村人口迁出对生态脆弱地区植被覆被的影响——以内蒙古自治区为例[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(10): 1622-1631.

Shiji LI, Xiubin LI, Minghong TAN. Impacts of rural-urban migration on vegetation cover in ecologically fragile areas: Taking Inner Mongolia as a case[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10): 1622-1631.

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类别	因素	解释	变量
自然因素	年降水量年均温	2000-2010年降水量的变化趋势,由公式(1)计算得到 2000-2010年均温的变化趋势,由公式(1)计算得到	Slope降水 Slope均温
人类活动因素	农业劳动力劳动力平均年龄劳均耕地规模	农村农业劳动力10年间的变化率农村劳动年龄人口平均年龄10年间的变化率农业劳动力人均拥有耕地数量10年间的变化率	农业劳动力变率劳均年龄变率劳均耕地规模变率
人类活动因素	劳均饲养牲畜头数	农业劳动力人均饲养牲畜头数10年间的变化率	劳均饲养牲畜变率

模型	非标准化系数		标准化系数	t检验	Sig.	共线性统计量
模型	系数项		标准化系数	t检验	标准误差	容差	方差膨胀因子
1 Adjusted R²: 0.263
(常量)	0.006	0.002		2.735	0.008
Slope降水	0.002	0.001	0.359	2.545	0.014^**	0.629	1.590
Slope均温	-0.343	0.169	-0.273	-2.028	0.048^**	0.687	1.455
农业劳动力变率	-0.010	0.003	-0.447	-3.134	0.003^***	0.613	1.631
劳均年龄变率	-0.031	0.019	-0.192	-1.660	0.103	0.930	1.075
劳均耕地规模变率	-0.002	0.001	-0.265	-2.151	0.036^**	0.824	1.214
劳均饲养牲畜变率	0.000	0.001	0.112	0.904	0.370	0.813	1.230

乡村人口迁出对生态脆弱地区植被覆被的影响——以内蒙古自治区为例

Impacts of rural-urban migration on vegetation cover in ecologically fragile areas: Taking Inner Mongolia as a case

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