地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (10): 1581-1605.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201510004
黄志基1,2(), 贺灿飞1,2(
), 杨帆1,2, 周沂1,2
收稿日期:
2014-11-17
修回日期:
2015-06-06
出版日期:
2015-10-20
发布日期:
2015-10-20
作者简介:
作者简介:黄志基(1981-), 男, 福建龙岩人, 博士, 主要研究方向为经济地理与区域发展。E-mail:
基金资助:
Zhiji HUANG1,2(), Canfei HE1,2(
), Fan YANG1,2, Yi ZHOU1,2
Received:
2014-11-17
Revised:
2015-06-06
Published:
2015-10-20
Online:
2015-10-20
Supported by:
摘要:
环境规制对企业生产率的影响是当前学术界的研究热点,但基于地理区位视角的研究较少。应用中国环境规制地理空间数据和微观企业数据,实证分析了环境规制空间差异与环境规制空间相关性对企业生产率的影响。结果表明,环境规制空间差异与企业生产率之间存在显著的倒U型关系;环境规制空间相关性作用显著,邻近城市环境规制提升有利于本城市企业生产率增长;环境规制对生产效率高的企业具有显著促进作用,但对生产效率低的企业影响不明显;不同的地理区位,环境规制对企业生产率的影响不同,相对于中西部地区,东部地区环境规制促进企业生产率增长的作用更为显著。本文揭示了在地理区位视角下,针对环境规制对企业生产率的影响,“成本假说”和“波特假说”具有各自的解释空间。
黄志基, 贺灿飞, 杨帆, 周沂. 中国环境规制、地理区位与企业生产率增长[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(10): 1581-1605.
Zhiji HUANG, Canfei HE, Fan YANG, Yi ZHOU. Environmental regulation, geographic location and growth of firms' productivity in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10): 1581-1605.
表1
变量定义表
变量种类 | 变量名 | 变量含义 | 年份 |
---|---|---|---|
因变量 | TFP | 企业全要素生产率 | 2004-2007 |
自变量 | ER | 环境规制强度综合指数 | 2003-2006 |
WER | 邻近城市环境规制强度综合指数 | 2003-2006 | |
控制变量 | Age | 企业生存年数 | 2004-2007 |
Size | 企业全部从业人员数 | 2004-2007 | |
Loan | 企业是否有贷款 | 2004-2007 | |
Owner | 企业所有制虚拟变量 | 2004-2007 | |
Market | 城市全社会消费品零售总额 | 2004-2007 | |
Human | 城市每千人拥有的高等教育在校人数 | 2004-2007 | |
Indus | 城市工业增加值占GDP比重 | 2004-2007 | |
Exter | 城市单位面积制造业工人总数 | 2004-2007 | |
Year dummy | 年份虚拟变量 | 2004-2007 | |
Industry dummy | 产业类型虚拟变量 | 2004-2007 |
表2
环境规制强度对企业TFP的影响
OLS回归 | 分位回归 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
ER | 0.00885*** | 0.0249*** | -0.000509 | 0.0163*** | 0.00770*** | 0.0178*** | 0.0274*** | 0.0469*** |
WER | 0.00216*** | 0.00635*** | 0.00252*** | 0.0108*** | 0.00221*** | 0.00653*** | 0.00220*** | 0.00222** |
ER^2 | -0.000563*** | -0.000630*** | -0.000393*** | -0.000792*** | ||||
WER^2 | -0.000128*** | -0.000220*** | -0.000115*** | -0.0000444** | ||||
Age | 0.00266*** | 0.00264*** | 0.00412*** | 0.00397*** | 0.00374*** | 0.00369*** | 0.00162*** | 0.00174*** |
Size | -0.808** | -0.676* | 0.126*** | 0.138*** | 0.0314 | 0.0316 | -0.336*** | -0.337*** |
Loan | 0.0168*** | 0.0156*** | 0.0598*** | 0.0565*** | 0.0321*** | 0.0292*** | -0.0479*** | -0.0459*** |
Market | -0.0770*** | -0.132*** | -0.0149* | -0.0914*** | -0.0691*** | -0.110*** | -0.118*** | -0.163*** |
Human | 0.00442*** | 0.00511*** | 0.00115*** | 0.00238*** | 0.00381*** | 0.00437*** | 0.00707*** | 0.00743*** |
Indus | 0.000851*** | 0.000314 | 0.00222*** | 0.00143*** | 0.000983*** | 0.000328 | -0.000999*** | -0.00135*** |
Exter | -10.56 | 237.2*** | 116.4*** | 516.9*** | -17.21 | 196.8*** | -214.9*** | -29.49 |
Owner | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Industry | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Constant | 3.287*** | 3.225*** | 1.975*** | 1.879*** | 3.227*** | 3.192*** | 4.559*** | 4.499*** |
N | 184804 | 184804 | 184804 | 184804 | 184804 | 184804 | 184804 | 184804 |
R2 | 0.156 | 0.158 | 0.107 | 0.109 | 0.088 | 0.089 | 0.075 | 0.076 |
表3
环境规制对不同区域企业生产率的影响
东部 | 中部 | 西部 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
ER | 0.00791*** | 0.0270*** | 0.00321 | 0.0734*** | -0.0196*** | 0.00804 |
WER | 0.000840*** | 0.00296*** | 0.00769*** | 0.0209*** | -0.00130 | 0.00836* |
ER^2 | -0.000586*** | -0.0106*** | -0.00461** | |||
WER^2 | -0.0000705*** | -0.000715*** | -0.000446** | |||
Age | 0.00205*** | 0.00200*** | 0.00457** | 0.00458** | 0.00337*** | 0.00332*** |
Size | 0.108* | 0.118** | -0.500*** | -0.496*** | -0.0280 | -0.00247 |
Loan | 0.0183*** | 0.0182*** | 0.00152 | 0.000699 | -0.0276* | -0.0299** |
Market | -0.0729*** | -0.119*** | 0.272*** | 0.184*** | 0.0849** | 0.0682* |
Human | 0.00420*** | 0.00455*** | -0.00491*** | -0.00410*** | -0.00565*** | -0.00539*** |
Indus | 0.00117*** | 0.000756*** | -0.00249*** | -0.00255*** | -0.0000280 | -0.000128 |
Exter | -12.96 | 164.1*** | 10095.9*** | 9399.4*** | 8374.3*** | 7968.2*** |
Owner | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Industry | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Constant | 3.318*** | 3.249*** | 3.205*** | 3.097*** | 3.256*** | 3.212*** |
N | 117892 | 117892 | 46737 | 46737 | 20175 | 20175 |
R2 | 0.155 | 0.156 | 0.187 | 0.188 | 0.170 | 0.170 |
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