地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (9): 1503-1515.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201509012
高海东1(), 李占斌1,2(
), 李鹏1, 贾莲莲3, 徐国策1, 任宗萍1, 庞国伟4, 赵宾华1
收稿日期:
2015-02-04
修回日期:
2015-06-08
出版日期:
2015-09-20
发布日期:
2015-09-20
作者简介:
作者简介:高海东(1983-), 男, 内蒙古乌审旗人, 博士后, 讲师, 研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:
基金资助:
Haidong GAO1(), Zhanbin LI1,2(
), Peng LI1, Lianlian JIA3, Guoce XU1, Zongping REN1, Guowei PANG4, Binhua ZHAO1
Received:
2015-02-04
Revised:
2015-06-08
Published:
2015-09-20
Online:
2015-09-20
摘要:
以整个黄土高原为研究对象,首先将水土保持措施容量定义为某一区域能容纳的最大适宜水土保持措施量。根据梯田、林地和草地的适宜布设区域,在地理信息系统(GIS)软件的支持下,确定了黄土高原的水土保持措施容量。使用修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE),计算了最小可能土壤侵蚀模数和2010年现状土壤侵蚀模数,并将水土保持措施容量下的最小可能土壤侵蚀模数与现状土壤侵蚀模数之比定义为土壤侵蚀控制度。随后使用土壤侵蚀控制度,对黄土高原水土流失治理潜力进行了研究。结果显示:黄土高原2010年现状土壤侵蚀模数为3355 t·km-2·a-1,最小可能土壤侵蚀模数为1921 t·km-2·a-1,土壤侵蚀控制度为0.57,属于中等水平。相比于现状条件,在水土保持措施容量条件下,微度侵蚀区比例从50.48%提高至57.71%,林草覆盖率从56.74%增加至69.15%,梯田所占比例由4.36%增加到19.03%,人均粮食产量可从418 kg·a-1提高至459 kg·a-1。研究成果对于黄土高原生态文明建设具有一定的指导意义。
高海东, 李占斌, 李鹏, 贾莲莲, 徐国策, 任宗萍, 庞国伟, 赵宾华. 基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(9): 1503-1515.
Haidong GAO, Zhanbin LI, Peng LI, Lianlian JIA, Guoce XU, Zongping REN, Guowei PANG, Binhua ZHAO. The capacity of soil loss control in the Loess Plateau based on soil erosion control degree[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(9): 1503-1515.
表4
黄土高原主要流域土壤侵蚀控制度
河流 | 现状土壤侵蚀模数(t·km-2·a-1) | 最小可能土壤侵蚀模数(t·km-2·a-1) | 土壤侵蚀 控制度 |
---|---|---|---|
祖厉河 | 5050 | 3134 | 0.62 |
清水河 | 2718 | 1849 | 0.68 |
大黑河 | 1802 | 1536 | 0.85 |
偏关河 | 5358 | 3496 | 0.65 |
岚漪河 | 5132 | 3209 | 0.63 |
蔚汾河 | 5452 | 2834 | 0.52 |
皇甫川 | 2287 | 1710 | 0.75 |
孤山川 | 3175 | 1916 | 0.60 |
窟野河 | 1911 | 1300 | 0.68 |
秃尾河 | 2192 | 1079 | 0.49 |
佳芦河 | 4356 | 1767 | 0.41 |
无定河 | 2597 | 1011 | 0.39 |
清涧河 | 8230 | 3128 | 0.38 |
延河 | 9531 | 3871 | 0.41 |
北洛河 | 5292 | 2877 | 0.54 |
泾河 | 6345 | 3189 | 0.50 |
渭河 | 4603 | 2161 | 0.47 |
汾河 | 3486 | 1808 | 0.52 |
表5
现状以及水土保持措施容量条件下黄土高原土地利用结构
土地利用类型 | 现状条件下 | 水土保持措施容量条件下 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积(万hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(万hm2) | 比例(%) | ||
水田 | 58.75 | 0.91 | 58.74 | 0.91 | |
水浇地 | 288.72 | 4.47 | 288.72 | 4.47 | |
坝地 | 28.63 | 0.44 | 28.63 | 0.44 | |
梯田 | 281.85 | 4.36 | 1229.31 | 19.03 | |
坡耕地 | 1443.91 | 22.35 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
林地 | 968.28 | 14.99 | 1248.72 | 19.33 | |
草地 | 2697.69 | 41.75 | 3219.16 | 49.82 | |
其它 | 693.63 | 10.73 | 388.18 | 6.01 |
表6
黄河中游主要河流泥沙输移比计算结果
河流(水文站) | 输沙量(万t) | 沉积量(万t) | 侵蚀量(万t) | 泥沙输移比 |
---|---|---|---|---|
秃尾河(高家川) | 1713.51 | 271.09 | 1984.60 | 0.70 |
大理河(绥德) | 2174.56 | 1119.47 | 3294.03 | 0.56 |
佳芦河(申家湾) | 875.37 | 223.42 | 1098.79 | 0.64 |
岔巴沟(曹坪) | 71.75 | 131.40 | 203.15 | 0.33 |
无定河(白家川) | 4930.95 | 5555.41 | 10486.36 | 0.44 |
孤山川(高石崖) | 1208.44 | 298.25 | 1506.70 | 0.59 |
皇甫川(皇甫) | 3203.57 | 193.59 | 3397.16 | 0.87 |
窟野河(温家川) | 6779.99 | 274.16 | 7054.15 | 0.82 |
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