近50年来祁连山冰川变化——基于中国第一、二次冰川编目数据

doi:10.11821/dlxb201509004

地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (9): 1402-1414.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201509004

近50年来祁连山冰川变化——基于中国第一、二次冰川编目数据

孙美平^1,²(), 刘时银²(), 姚晓军¹, 郭万钦², 许君利²

1. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州 730070
2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,兰州 730000

收稿日期:2015-04-26 修回日期:2015-06-19 出版日期:2015-09-20 发布日期:2015-09-20
作者简介:
作者简介：孙美平(1981-), 女, 辽宁沈阳人, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事寒区水文过程与气候变化影响评估研究。E-mail: sunmeiping1982@163.com
基金资助:
科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY111400);国家重大科学研究计划项目(2010CB951401);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC19B07);国家自然科学基金(41261016);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2014A-001, 2013A-018)

Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory

Meiping SUN^1,²(), Shiyin LIU²(), Xiaojun YAO¹, Wanqin GUO², Junli XU²

Received:2015-04-26 Revised:2015-06-19 Published:2015-09-20 Online:2015-09-20
Supported by:
National Basic Work Program of MST, No.2013FY111400;National Major Sciences Research, No.2010CB951401;National Science-technology Support Plan Project, No.2012BAC19B07;National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41261016;Scientific Research Project of Higher Learning Institution in Gansu Province, No.2014A-001, No.2013A-018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于修订后的祁连山区第一次冰川编目（1956-1983年）和最新发布的第二次冰川编目数据（2005-2010年）,对祁连山区冰川变化进行分析。结果表明：① 祁连山区现有冰川2684条,面积1597.81±70.30βkm²,冰储量约84.48βkm³。其中,甘肃省和青海省各有冰川1492条和1192条,面积分别为760.96βkm²和836.85βkm²。② 祁连山区冰川数量和面积分别以面积< 1.0βkm²的冰川和面积介于1~5βkm²的冰川为主;冰川平均中值面积海拔为4972.7βm,并自东向西由4483.8βm逐渐上升为5234.1βm。③ 疏勒河流域冰川面积和冰储量最大,占祁连山冰川总量的31.91%和35.11%;其次是哈尔腾河流域,巴音郭勒河流域冰川面积最小,为2.20βkm²;黑河流域是祁连山区冰川平均面积最小的四级流域,冰川平均面积仅0.21βkm²。④ 近50年间祁连山冰川面积和冰储量分别减少420.81βkm²（-20.88%）和21.63βkm³（-20.26%）。面积< 1.0βkm²的冰川急剧萎缩是该区冰川面积减少的主要原因,海拔4000βm以下山区冰川已完全消失,海拔4350~5100βm区间冰川面积减少量占冰川面积总损失的84.24%。冰川数量和面积在各个朝向均呈减少态势,其中朝北冰川面积减少最多,朝东冰川面积减少最快,而西北朝向冰川变化最为缓慢。⑤ 祁连山冰川变化呈现明显的经度地带性分异,东段冰川退缩较快,中西段冰川面积减少较慢。

关键词: 冰川, 编目, 冰储量, 气候变化, 祁连山

Abstract:

According to the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory (SCGI) that were mostly compiled based on Landsat TM/ETM+images, the Qilian Mountains contained 2684 glaciers covering an area of 1597.81±70.30βkm² and ice volume of ~84.48βkm³ from 2005 to 2010. While most glaciers are small (85.66% are smaller than 1.0βkm²), some larger ones (12.74%, with each having 1.0 and 5.0βkm²) cover 42.44% of the total glacier area. The Laohugou No.12 Glacier (20.42βkm²) located on the north slope of the Daxue Range is the only one larger than 20 km² in the Qilian Mountains. The average median altitude of glacier was 4972.7βm a.s.l. and gradually rose from east to west. Glaciers in the Qilian Mountains are mostly distributed in Gansu and Qinghai provinces, which have 1492 glaciers (760.96βkm²) and 1192 glaciers (836.85βkm²), respectively. In 11 watersheds, the Shule River contains most of the glaciers in either area or volume. However, the Heihe River, the second longest interior river in China, has the minimum average area of glacier. Comparison of glaciers from the SCGI and the revised glacier inventory based on topographic maps and aerial photos taken from 1956 to 1983 indicated that all the glaciers in the Qilian Mountains were receding, which is consistent with other mountains and plateaus in western China. In the past half century, the area and volume of glaciers decreased by 420.81βkm² (-20.88%) and 21.63βkm³ (-20.26%), respectively. The glaciers which are smaller than 1.0βkm² constituted the main body of glacier number depression and area recession. Due to shrinkage, the glaciers below 4000βm a.s.l. completely disappeared.

Key words: glacier, glacier inventory, glacier volume, climate change, Qilian Mountains

孙美平, 刘时银, 姚晓军, 郭万钦, 许君利. 近50年来祁连山冰川变化——基于中国第一、二次冰川编目数据[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(9): 1402-1414.

Meiping SUN, Shiyin LIU, Xiaojun YAO, Wanqin GUO, Junli XU. Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(9): 1402-1414.

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三级流域(编码)	四级流域(编码)	冰川数量			冰川面积			冰储量*
三级流域(编码)	四级流域(编码)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km³)	(%)
大通河(5J4)	大通河(5J42)	68	2.53		20.83	1.30		0.73	0.86
河西内流水系 (5Y4)	石羊河(5Y41)	97	3.61		39.94	2.50		1.55	1.83
	黑河(5Y42)	375	13.97		78.33			4.90	2.39	2.83
	北大河(5Y43)	577	21.50	215.27		13.47	8.75		10.36
	疏勒河(5Y44)	660	24.59	509.87		31.91	29.66		35.11
	党河(5Y45)	318	11.85	203.77		12.75	10.08		11.93
	合计	2027	75.52	1047.18		65.54	52.43		62.07
柴达木内流水系 (5Y5)	布哈河—青海湖(5Y51)	24	0.89	10.27	0.64	0.42	0.50
	哈尔腾河(5Y56)	268	9.99	283.52		17.74	17.58		20.81
	哈拉湖(5Y57)	108	4.02	78.73		4.93	4.56		5.40
	鱼卡河—塔塔棱河(5Y58)	179	6.67	155.08		9.71	8.69		10.29
	巴音郭勒河(5Y59)	10	0.37	2.20		0.14	0.06		0.07
	合计	589	21.94	529.8		33.16	31.31		37.07

省	市(自治州)	冰川数量			冰川面积			冰储量
省	市(自治州)	(条)		(%)		(km²)	(%)	(km²)	(%)
甘肃	酒泉	718	26.75		508.99	31.86		28.17	33.35
	张掖	739	27.53		245.65	15.37		9.60	11.36
	武威	35	1.31		6.32	0.40		0.17	0.20
	合计	1492	55.59		760.96	47.63		37.94	44.91
青海	海西	825	30.74		729.79	45.67		42.79	50.65
	海北	367	13.67	107.06		6.70	3.75		4.44
	合计	1192	44.41	836.85		52.37	46.54		55.09

第一次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	第二次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	冰川储量变化			冰川冰储量估算经验公式	公式出处
第一次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	第二次冰川编目冰储量(km³)	km³			km³/10 a	%/10 a
101.90	81.30	-20.60	-5.12	-5.65	V=0.0365A^1.375	Radić和Hock^[27]
109.86	87.52	-22.34	-5.56	-5.69	V=0.0433A^1.29	Grinsted^[31]
108.44	86.49	-21.95	-5.46	-5.66	V=0.04A^1.35	Liu等^[32]

近50年来祁连山冰川变化——基于中国第一、二次冰川编目数据

Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory

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