近10年来可可西里地区主要湖泊冰情时空变化

doi:10.11821/dlxb201507008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2000-2011年可可西里地区湖泊边界矢量数据、MODIS和Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像和气象数据等资料,利用RS和GIS技术综合分析该地区主要湖泊冰情变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 可可西里地区湖泊开始结冰和完全结冰出现在每年的10月下旬至11月上旬和11月中旬至12月上旬,湖泊由开始冻结至完全冻结持续时间约半个月;湖冰开始消融和完全消融时间较为分散,主要出现在每年的4月下旬至6月初和5月初至6月上旬,湖泊完全封冻期和封冻期为181 d和196 d。② 2000-2011年间,可可西里地区湖冰物候特征发生了显著变化,湖泊开始冻结和完全冻结时间推迟,湖冰开始消融和完全消融时间提前,湖泊完全封冻期和封冻期持续时间普遍缩短,平均变化速率分别为-2.21 d/a和-1.91 d/a。③ 湖冰物候特征及湖泊冰情演变是区域气候变化和湖泊自身条件共同作用的结果,其中气温、湖泊面积、湖水矿化度和湖泊形态是影响湖冰物候特征的主要因素,而湖泊热储量、地质构造等因素对湖冰演化的作用亦不可忽视。④ 可可西里地区湖泊冻结空间模式与消融过程相反,以湖冰由湖泊一岸扩展到另一岸的湖泊数量居多。

关键词: 湖冰, 湖泊, 物候, 气候变化, 可可西里, MODIS

Abstract:

Based on the boundary data of lakes, some moderate-high resolution remote sensing datasets including MODIS and Landsat TM/ETM+ images and the meteorological data, the spatial-temporal variations of lake ice in the Hoh Xil region during the period 2000-2011 are analyzed by using RS and GIS technology. And the factors affecting the lake ice phenology are also discussed. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) The freeze-up start (FUS) and freeze-up end (FUE) of lake ice appears in late October - early November, and mid-November - early December, respectively. The duration of lake ice freeze-up is about half a month. The time of break-up start (BUS) and break-up end (BUE) of lake ice is relatively dispersed, and appears in late April - early June, and early May - early June, respectively. The ice duration (ID) and the complete ice duration (CID) of lakes are 196 days and 181 days, respectively. (2) The phenology of lake ice in the Hoh Xil region changed dramatically in the last 10 years. Specifically, the FUS and FUE time of lake ice showed an increasingly delaying trend. In contrast, the BUS and BUE time of lake ice presented an advance. This led to the reduction of the ID and CID of lake ice. The average rates of ID and CID were -2.21 d/a and -1.91 d/a, respectively. (3) The variations of phenology and evolution of lake ice are the results of local and climatic factors. The temperature, lake area, salinity and shape of the shoreline are the main factors affecting the phenology of lake ice. (4) The spatial process of lake ice freeze-up is contrary to its break-up process. The type of lake ice extending from one side of lakeshore to the opposite side is dominant in the Hoh Xil region.

Key words: lake ice, lake, phenology, climate change, Hoh Xil region, MODIS

姚晓军, 李龙, 赵军, 孙美平, 李净, 宫鹏, 安丽娜. 近10年来可可西里地区主要湖泊冰情时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(7): 1114-1124.

Xiaojun YAO, Long LI, Jun ZHAO, Meiping SUN, Jing LI, Peng GONG, Lina AN. Spatial-temporal variations of lake ice in the Hoh Xil region from 2000 to 2011[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(7): 1114-1124.

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序号	湖泊名称	面积(km²)	海拔(m)	开始冻结(FUS)	完全冻结(FUE)	开始消融(BUS)	完全消融(BUE)	完全封冻期(CID)	封冻期(ID)
1	乌兰乌拉湖	563.79	4854	297±2	321±4	116±23	164±8	160±23	208±11
2	多格错仁	459.62	4921	308±16	353±8	61±8	112±15	72±11	124±20
3	西金乌兰湖	395.95	4769	301±8	350±18	34±23	127±15	49±33	142±19
4	可可西里湖	319.43	4878	300±3	318±3	161±4	174±6	208±4	221±7
5	多格错仁强错	313.08	4787	310±13	327±17	107±31	124±24	146±49	163±42
6	库赛湖	268.01	4475	318±2	337±3	129±5	141±8	157±6	169±9
7	卓乃湖	261.32	4751	312±5	326±2	146±6	160±7	185±7	198±9
8	勒斜武担湖	246.27	4867	319±6	334±6	109±17	126±12	140±22	158±18
9	加德仁错	205.33	4688	300±7	310±8	116±13	147±9	171±16	202±14
10	美马错	147.77	4920	304±5	322±5	145±6	167±8	188±10	210±11
11	玛尔盖茶卡	144.19	4785	300±6	310±5	137±7	153±8	192±10	208±12
12	若拉错	142.63	4807	293±6	311±3	128±8	150±9	182±9	204±11
13	错尼	137.73	4902	296±3	315±6	121±16	160±6	171±20	210±11
14	拜惹布错	136.25	4958	302±7	319±5	152±8	167±8	197±11	212±11
15	碱水湖	129.65	4884	291±4	307±4	146±8	161±9	204±11	219±12
16	玉液湖	120.16	4850	283±2	304±7	153±15	166±12	214±18	227±16
17	羊湖	118.12	4778	296±3	315±6	148±5	161±4	198±10	210±9
18	饮马湖	107.41	4918	289±2	311±2	135±19	166±8	189±20	220±10
19	阿鲁错	105.16	4940	313±5	331±6	81±17	134±12	115±15	168±13
20	太阳湖	101.91	4882	316±4	329±3	145±11	164±9	181±13	201±10
21	向阳湖	100.58	4870	300±4	310±3	150±7	162±2	205±9	217±5
22	黑石北湖	100.55	5048	301±6	317±5	159±3	169±4	207±4	217±6

湖冰物候特征	湖泊面积	湖泊形态因子	湖面海拔	湖水矿化度	年均气温
开始冻结	0.22	-0.72^**	-0.24	0.03	0.26
完全冻结	0.59^**	-0.28	-0.15	0.55^**	0.49^*
开始消融	-0.53^**	-0.03	0.12	-0.65^**	-0.69^**
完全消融	-0.43^*	0.18	0.28	-0.62^**	-0.61^**
完全封冻期	-0.58^**	-0.25	0.26	-0.04	-0.75^**
封冻期	-0.53^**	0.24	0.24	-0.63^**	-0.60^**