近50年来长江河口分汊型河槽水体和泥沙容量的变化过程

doi:10.11821/dlxb201505013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据1958-2013各年代长江河口河槽海图水深资料,利用Arcmap地图分析软件建立不同时期的水深数据库,以河口河槽水体和泥沙容量为研究对象,结合典型潮汐过程和典型年代水沙同步实测资料,计算长江口各分汊河槽最大理论进潮量和悬沙含量,探讨近50年来长江分汊型河口河槽水体和泥沙容量的变化过程和影响因素。结果表明：① 北港河槽总体稳定,南港河槽仍处于发育阶段,南港河槽发育中心在南港下段,北港河槽上段区域略有萎缩;② 目前,南、北槽河槽由于工程影响仍处于持续调整过程中,进潮量主增区域在南港和南槽,北槽发育模式已经被固定和限制。③ 近30年来,由于流域来水来沙减少,同时北槽深水航道工程的建设,使南、北槽进潮量和悬沙通量及其比例均发生了显著变化;④ 南北港水道悬沙量主要集中于北港下段及南北槽区域,其洪枯季悬沙含量的变化主要受冬夏季风和海洋动力条件的影响。

关键词: 最大进潮量, 河槽水体容量, 河槽悬沙量, GIS, 长江河口

Abstract:

Based on the materials of water depth of 1958-2013 in the Yangtze Estuary channel, this article established the database of water depth during different periods with the aid of the Arcmap analysis software. The results showed that: (1) The state of the north passage channel was basically stable, and the river channel in the south passage was experiencing a developing stage. The developing center of the south passage channel was observed in the lower reach, while the upper reach of the north passage channel had slightly shrunk. (2) Currently, the south and north passages were still shifting under the effect of the project. The area where the tidal increased was mainly found in the south passage and south channel. The developing pattern in the north passage was fixed and confined. (3) In the study period, with the reduced amount of sediments from the catchment and the construction of the deep sea waterway project in the north passage, the tidal volume, suspended sediment flux and the ratio of them changed obviously. (4) The sediments in the north and south channels are concentrated in the lower part of the north channel and also in the south and north passages.

Key words: tidal volume, water capacity of channel, sediment volume of channel, GIS, Yangtze Estuary

姚俊, 施野, 张国安. 近50年来长江河口分汊型河槽水体和泥沙容量的变化过程[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(5): 828-836.

Jun YAO, Ye SHI, Guoan ZHANG. The change process of water and sediment volume of branchingchannel in the Yangtze River during 1958-2013[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(5): 828-836.

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年		区域面积(km²)	0 m区域面积(km²)	平均面积(km²)	大潮升(km²)	最大进潮量(km²)
1958	南港上段	325.883	260.790	293.337	3.10	0.909
	北槽	588.206	527.451	557.829	3.70	2.064
	南槽	569.927	459.387	514.657	4.50	2.316
1989	南港上段	259.586	219.363	239.475	3.50	0.838
	北槽	700.341	620.947	660.644	3.80	2.510
	南槽	645.351	520.761	583.056	4.15	2.420
1994	南港上段	259.094	219.496	239.295	3.55	0.849
	北槽	762.929	648.476	705.703	3.60	2.541
	南槽	692.344	545.160	618.752	4.05	2.506
2004	南港上段	243.163	206.194	224.679	3.55	0.798
	北槽	342.872	297.659	320.266	4.03	1.291
	南槽	642.118	469.559	555.839	4.05	2.251
2013	南港上段	236.958	207.836	222.397	3.60	0.801
	北槽	370.112	302.278	336.195	4.03	1.355
	南槽	678.718	507.723	593.221	4.00	2.373

年		区域面积（km²）	0 m区域面积（km²）	平均面积（km²）	大潮升（m）	最大进潮量（km³）
1958	北港上段	285.056	186.898	235.977	3.10	0.732
1958	北港下段	821.123	758.819	789.971	3.90	3.081
1989	北港上段	240.098	196.825	218.462	3.60	0.786
1989	北港下段	862.716	751.084	806.900	4.00	3.228
1994	北港上段	242.669	187.285	214.977	3.60	0.774
1994	北港下段	843.359	745.782	794.571	3.90	3.099
2004	北港上段	242.911	186.515	214.713	3.60	0.773
2004	北港下段	857.788	741.621	799.705	3.90	3.119
2013	北港上段	220.018	202.515	211.267	3.60	0.761
2013	北港下段	925.307	779.198	852.253	3.90	3.324

	水体容量(10⁹m³)	区域平均含沙量(kg/m³)	悬沙总量(kt)
北港上段	1.059	0.8173	865.521
北港下段	3.161	1.3872	4384.987
南港上段	1.409	0.6508	916.977
北槽	2.279	2.8255	6439.246
南槽	1.997	1.8845	3763.356

	水体容量（10⁹m³）	区域平均含沙量（kg/m³）	悬沙总量（kt）
北港上段	1.18	0.2368	279.389
北港下段	2.757	0.2370	653.464
南港上段	1.306	0.3311	566.017
北槽	1.511	0.7271	949.582
南槽	1.709	0.6665	1007.143

	水体容量(10⁹ m³)	区域平均含沙量(kg/m³)	悬沙总量(kt)
北港上段	1.180	0.2002	236.236
北港下段	2.757	0.2968	818.534
南港上段	1.306	0.1844	240.902
北槽	1.511	0.6730	1016.96
南槽	1.709	0.8344	1426.087