地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (5): 819-827.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201505012
韩龙飞1(), 许有鹏1(
), 杨柳1, 邓晓军1, 胡春生1,2, 徐光来1,2
收稿日期:
2015-02-11
修回日期:
2015-04-12
出版日期:
2015-05-20
发布日期:
2015-06-11
作者简介:
作者简介:韩龙飞(1988-), 男, 河北磁县人, 博士生, 主要研究方向为水文学与水资源。E-mail:
基金资助:
Longfei HAN1(), Youpeng XU1(
), Liu YANG1, Xiaojun DENG1, Chunsheng HU1,2, Guanglai XU1,2
Received:
2015-02-11
Revised:
2015-04-12
Online:
2015-05-20
Published:
2015-06-11
Supported by:
摘要:
基于1960s、1980s以及2010s三期1:5万地形图中水系数据,选取河网密度(Dd)、水面率(WSR)、干流面积长度比(R)、支流发育系数(K)和盒维数(D),探讨了长江三角洲地区水系近50年的时空格局及变化特征,并分析了城市化对水系结构的影响。结果表明:① 近50年来,长三角水系河网密度、水面率数量特征呈下降趋势,其中武澄锡虞、杭嘉湖和鄞东南地区河网密度减少近20%;结构特征发生变化,秦淮河流域干流面积长度比增加显著,杭嘉湖地区支流发育系数衰减达46.8%;河网复杂度衰退,武澄锡虞和杭嘉湖地区的盒维数衰减分别达7.8%和6.5%。② 城市化影响水系的空间分布,高度城市化地区河网密度、水面率、支流发育系数以及盒维数最低。③ 城市化深刻改变着水系的演化过程。1960s-2010s期间,高度城市化地区的河网密度、水面率衰减剧烈达27.2%和19.3%,河网主干化趋势加剧,河网复杂度下降4.91%。1980s-2010s期间,低度城市化地区支流衰减达53.3%,河网密度大幅下降14.6%。④ 城镇用地的扩张、水利工程的修建和农田水利活动是改变长三角水系的主要方式。
韩龙飞, 许有鹏, 杨柳, 邓晓军, 胡春生, 徐光来. 近50年长三角地区水系时空变化及其驱动机制[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(5): 819-827.
Longfei HAN, Youpeng XU, Liu YANG, Xiaojun DENG, Chunsheng HU, Guanglai XU. Temporal and spatial change of stream structure in Yangtze River Delta and its driving forces during 1960s-2010s[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(5): 819-827.
表1
长三角水利分区近50年水系变化"
指标 | 时期 | 本文研究区 | 其他地区 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
武澄锡虞 | 阳澄淀泖 | 杭嘉湖 | 秦淮河流域 | 鄞东南* | 上海地区*[ | 珠三角深圳地区*[ | ||
面积 (km2) | 3841.0 | 4914.0 | 7621.0 | 497.1 | 476.1 | 4962.5 | 1991.8 | |
河网密度 (Dd) | 1960 s | 3.80 | 3.54 | 3.75 | 1.25 | 3.40 | 3.45 | 0.86 |
1980 s | 3.27 | 3.87 | 3.24 | 1.58 | 3.06 | 0.84 | ||
2010 s | 2.93 | 3.41 | 2.93 | 1.14 | 2.75 | 0.65 | ||
水面率 (WSR) | 1960 s | 6.10 | 18.86 | 10.63 | 5.53 | 8.18 | 5.62 | - |
1980 s | 5.59 | 17.47 | 9.88 | 5.60 | 6.54 | - | ||
2010 s | 4.66 | 15.20 | 8.76 | 7.52 | 5.77 | - | ||
支流发育系数 (K) | 1960 s | 4.93 | 2.54 | 3.65 | 2.52 | 3.39 | 3.39 | 4.42 |
1980 s | 4.00 | 3.07 | 2.83 | 2.74 | 2.96 | 3.04 | ||
2010 s | 3.83 | 2.56 | 1.94 | 4.37 | 2.53 | 3.50 | ||
干流面积长度比 (R) | 1960 s | 41.53 | 43.75 | 45.54 | 44.11 | 37.40 | - | - |
1980 s | 42.83 | 48.22 | 47.03 | 39.96 | 34.10 | - | ||
2010 s | 38.85 | 42.94 | 45.66 | 73.23 | 35.60 | - | ||
盒维数 (D) | 1960 s | 1.71 | 1.68 | 1.69 | 1.32 | 1.62 | 1.40 | - |
1980 s | 1.65 | 1.71 | 1.64 | 1.32 | 1.58 | - | ||
2010 s | 1.58 | 1.65 | 1.58 | 1.27 | 1.54 | - |
表3
不同城市化水平地区水系参数"
水系参数 | 时期 | 高度城市化地区 | 中度城市化地区 | 低度城市化地区 |
---|---|---|---|---|
河网密度(Dd) | 1960s | 2.45 | 3.80 | 4.47 |
1980s | 2.32 | 4.04 | 3.46 | |
2010s | 1.78 | 3.64 | 2.96 | |
水面率(WSR) | 1960s | 6.88 | 14.69 | 17.23 |
1980s | 7.14 | 13.51 | 16.25 | |
2010s | 5.55 | 11.85 | 15.30 | |
支流发育系数(K) | 1960s | 2.93 | 4.90 | 9.12 |
1980s | 2.90 | 4.65 | 6.19 | |
2010s | 2.10 | 4.57 | 2.89 | |
干流面积长度比(R) | 1960s | 40.91 | 41.39 | 41.08 |
1980s | 42.76 | 45.72 | 44.39 | |
2010s | 46.14 | 42.37 | 40.68 | |
盒维数(D) | 1960s | 1.45 | 1.67 | 1.69 |
1980s | 1.43 | 1.69 | 1.61 | |
2010s | 1.38 | 1.66 | 1.61 |
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