地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (5): 779-795.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201505009
收稿日期:
2014-08-07
修回日期:
2014-12-25
出版日期:
2015-05-20
发布日期:
2015-05-20
作者简介:
作者简介:王群(1979-), 女, 安徽肥西人, 副教授, 博士生, 主要研究方向为旅游生态环境管理研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Qun WANG(), Lin LU(
), Xingzhu YANG
Received:
2014-08-07
Revised:
2014-12-25
Published:
2015-05-20
Online:
2015-05-20
Supported by:
摘要:
立足反映恢复力属性特征的盆地模型理论,构建基于稳定性景观的恢复力评价体系。从脆弱性、应对能力两大层面以及社会、经济、生态三大子系统入手,建立旅游地社会—生态系统恢复力测度指标体系,运用集对分析法,测度千岛湖旅游地社会—生态系统恢复力,甄别影响恢复力的主要因子,揭示旅游地社会—生态系统恢复力因子影响机理及曲线规律。结果表明:① 1987-2012年间千岛湖旅游地社会—生态系统脆弱性指数由0.4576缓慢上升至0.5622,应对能力指数由0.0282快速上升至0.9725,恢复力指数由0.1276稳步上升至0.8669,恢复力应是脆弱性与应对能力相互作用的结果。② 总脆弱性受生态子系统脆弱性影响最大,总应对能力受经济子系统应对能力影响最大,总恢复力受社会和经济子系统恢复力影响较大。总应对能力对恢复力起着决定性作用,其中社会和经济系统的应对能力作用更加突出。③ 恢复力因子影响曲线可分为线性递增和递减、非线性U型/倒U型递增和递减6种类型,不同阶段、不同因子对系统恢复力作用方式、性质、速率具有差异性,主要以非线性影响为主,且存在不确定性。
王群, 陆林, 杨兴柱. 千岛湖社会—生态系统恢复力测度与影响机理[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(5): 779-795.
Qun WANG, Lin LU, Xingzhu YANG. Study on measurement and impact mechanism of socio-ecological system resilience in Qiandao Lake[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(5): 779-795.
表1
千岛湖旅游地社会—生态系统恢复力测度指标体系
项目 | 社会系统 恢复力指标 | 指标释义 影响性质 | 经济系统 恢复力指标 | 指标释义 影响性质 | 生态系统 恢复力指标 | 指标释义 影响性质 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
脆弱性指标 | 人口自然增长率(‰) | 衡量系统人口特征(-) | 旅游经济总收入(×108元) | 衡量系统旅游效益(+) | 森林覆盖率(%) | 衡量系统自然条件(+) |
外来人口比例(%) | 衡量系统开放性(-) | 旅游人数(×104人) | 衡量系统旅游规模(+) | 噪声水平(db) | 衡量旅游干扰带来的噪声变化(-) | |
旅游者与当地居民比 | 衡量系统人口结构(+) | 旅游总收入占GDP比重(%) | 衡量旅游产业在国民经济中的地位(-) | 空气污染指数API | 衡量旅游干扰导致的空气变化(-) | |
社会犯罪率(%) | 衡量系统安全(-) | 旅游业增长弹性系数(%) | 衡量旅游业在整个经济发展的健康程度(+) | 人口密度(人/ km2) | 衡量旅游干扰导致的土地承载力(-) | |
失业率(%) | 衡量系统稳定(-) | 客源市场集中度(%) | 衡量旅游市场状况(-) | 降水量(mm) | 衡量系统自然条件(-) | |
人均居住面积(m2) | 衡量系统社会效益(+) | 生计多样性指数 | 衡量人们谋生手段是否多样化(+) | 水位年变幅(m) | 衡量水量生态安全(-) | |
等级公路里程(km) | 衡量系统基础设施(+) | 产业结构|多样化指数 | 衡量产业结构平衡问题(+) | 废水排放量(×104 t) | 衡量废水排放导致的生态压力(-) | |
义务教育普及(%) | 衡量系统学习能力(+) | 耗电量(×104 kw/h) | 衡量社会用电导致的生态压力(-) | |||
社会消费品零售总额(×104元) | 衡量系统消费能力(+) | 全湖营养状态指数 | 衡量旅游干扰导致的水质生态安全(-) | |||
应对能力指标 | 地方财政支出(×104元) | 衡量社会财政支出力度(+) | GDP(×108元) | 衡量经济总量(+) | 三同时执行合格率(%) | 衡量环保执法制度情况(+) |
教育支出(×104元) | 衡量教育扶持力度(+) | 财政总收入(×104元) | 衡量地方政府经济实力(+) | 污染源治理投资额(×104元) | 衡量污染治理投资力度(+) | |
社会保障和就业支出(×104元) | 衡量社会稳定性和就业支持力度(+) | 居民人均收入(元) | 衡量居民收入水平(+) | 生活污水处理率(%) | 衡量污水处理情况(+) | |
医疗卫生支出(×104元) | 衡量医疗支持力度(+) | 社会固定资产投资完成额(×108元) | 衡量资本投资额度(+) | 生活垃圾无害化处理率(%) | 衡量固体废弃物处理情况(+) | |
金融机构存款余额(×104元) | 衡量社会存储状况(+) | 节能环保支出(×104元) | 衡量环境保护措施及新能源采用状况(+) |
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