基于MODIS数据的中国耕地高中低产田空间分布格局

doi:10.11821/dlxb201505008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人口的持续增长和食物消费水平的快速提升使得中国粮食自给问题越发受到关注。后备土地资源补给能力的不足和城市化过程对优质耕地的占用使得耕地资源“开源”和“节流”均存在一定困难,因此,提高耕地资源利用效率、提升耕地生产能力成为当前中国农业发展的根本策略,清晰地掌握全国高中低产田在空间上的分布区域成为国家中低产田改造与高标准农田建设规划的必要前提。本研究应用空间分辨率500 m的MODIS遥感数据和光能利用率模型,在空间上清晰地估算现实农田生产力的基础上,结合高分辨率的耕地分布数据和耕作制度区划信息,探索新的高中低产田划分方法,掌握中国高中低产田的空间分布格局。该方法既能够体现耕地资源条件的区域分异规律,也能表达耕地现实生产能力的空间差异性,并且有效克服了利用统计数据进行高中低产田划分时以县为统计单元导致的县内高中低产田格局不明确的问题。基于该方法划分的高中低产田分别占全国耕地面积的20.66%、39.56%以及39.78%。其中,低产田约有3/4分布于丘陵山地区;高产田则53%分布于平原区。高产田面积最大的五个省均位于黄淮海区域内,其面积总和占全国高产田面积的41.75%。耕地面积位列全国前三的黑龙江省、四川省和内蒙古自治区其高产田面积占比均不足15%。

关键词: 粮食安全, 光能利用率模型, 农田生产力, 高中低产田

Abstract:

With the population increase and food consumption upgrade in China, the issue of food self-sufficiency attracts much attention from both Chinese government and international society. Under the circumstances of inadequate cropland resources supply and plenty of cropland occupied by urban construction, improving the utilization efficiency of arable land resources and increasing the cropland productivity have become the fundamental strategies of agricultural development in China. Since 1988, cropland improvement projects (medium-yield and low-yield field improvement and high-standard cropland construction) have been launched and implemented on a large scale, therefore a spatially explicit map for the distribution of high-, medium- and low-yield cropland was essential for cropland improvement planning. In this study, a new method for recognizing high-, medium- and low-yield field is developed based on cropland productivity, which is calculated by using a light use efficiency model and MODIS data with a 500-m resolution. This method can not only reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland condition, but also express the spatial differences on a grid scale. At the same time, it effectively overcomes the shortage of statistical data based method in a county unit. The results show that the proportion of high-yield, medium-yield and low-yield cropland in China is 20.66%, 39.56% and 39.78%, respectively. About 3/4 of low-yield cropland is located in the hilly and mountainous regions, while 53% of the high-yield cropland is located in plain area. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland are Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei and Anhui, which are all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. The sum of the high-yield cropland area in these five provinces accounts for 41.75% of the national total high-yield cropland area. In Heilongjiang province, Sichuan province and Inner Mongolia autonomous region, where the cropland area ranks the top three of China, the proportion of high-yield cropland area in each province only accounts for not more than 15%.

Key words: food security, light use efficiency model, cropland productivity, high-yield, medium-yield and low-yield cropland

冀咏赞, 闫慧敏, 刘纪远, 匡文慧, 胡云锋. 基于MODIS数据的中国耕地高中低产田空间分布格局[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(5): 766-778.

Yongzan JI, Huimin YAN, Jiyuan LIU, Wenhui KUANG, Yunfeng HU. A MODIS data derived spatial distribution of high-, medium- and low-yield cropland in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(5): 766-778.

图/表 8

图1

图2

表1

耕作区有效栅格NPP范围及高中低产田划分标准(gC/m2/a)

序号	二级区代码及名称	NPP_a	NPP_b	NPP_dif	低产田上限	高产田下限	提升潜力
1	11-藏东南川西谷地喜凉作物一熟区	192	800	608	374	587	213
2	12-海北甘南高原喜凉作物一熟轮歇区	275	750	475	418	584	166
3	21-后山坝上晋北高原山地半干旱喜凉作物一熟区	370	700	330	469	585	116
4	22-陇中青东宁中南黄土丘陵半干旱喜凉作物一熟区	250	800	550	415	608	193
5	31-辽吉西蒙东南冀北半干旱喜温一熟区	430	850	420	556	703	147
6	32-黄土高原东部易旱喜温一熟区	380	650	270	461	556	95
7	33-晋东半湿润易旱一熟填闲区	380	800	420	506	653	147
8	34-渭北陇东半湿润易旱冬麦一熟填闲区	437	900	463	576	738	162
9	41-大小兴安岭山麓岗地凉温作物一熟区	500	820	320	596	708	112
10	42-三江平原长白山地温凉作物一熟区	500	850	350	605	728	123
11	43-松嫩平原喜温作物一熟区	500	780	280	584	682	98
12	44-辽河平原丘陵温暖作物一熟填闲区	510	783	273	592	687	96
13	51-河套、河西灌溉一熟填闲区	300	1000	700	510	755	245
14	52-北疆灌溉一熟填闲区	450	1200	750	675	938	263
15	53-南疆、东疆绿洲二熟一熟区	400	1100	700	610	855	245
16	61-燕山太行山山前平原水浇地套复二熟旱地一熟区	430	950	520	586	768	182
17	62-黑龙港缺水低平原水浇二熟旱地一熟区	450	875	425	578	726	149
18	63-鲁西北豫北低平原水浇地粮二熟棉一熟区	550	970	420	676	823	147
19	64-山东丘陵水浇地二熟旱坡地花生棉花一熟区	450	900	450	585	743	158
20	65-黄淮平原南阳盆地旱地水浇地两熟区	600	1000	400	720	860	140
21	66-汾渭谷地水浇地二熟旱地一熟二熟区	400	900	500	550	725	175
22	67-豫西丘陵山地旱坡地一熟水浇地二熟区	550	850	300	640	745	105
23	71-秦巴山区旱地二熟一熟兼水田二熟区	650	1100	450	785	943	158
24	72-川鄂湘黔低高原山地水田旱地二熟兼一熟区	550	900	350	655	778	123
25	73-贵州高原水田旱地二熟一熟区	520	820	300	610	715	105
26	74-云南高原水田旱地二熟一熟区	500	1300	800	740	1020	280
27	75-滇黔边境高原山地河谷旱地一熟二熟水田二熟区	500	1000	500	650	825	175
28	81-江淮平原麦稻两熟兼旱三熟区	450	1000	550	615	808	193
29	82-鄂豫皖丘陵平原水田旱地两熟兼早三熟区	600	950	350	705	828	123
30	91-盆西平原水田麦稻两熟填闲区	550	820	270	631	726	95
31	92-盆东丘陵低山水田旱地两熟三熟区	570	930	360	678	804	126
32	101-沿江平原丘陵水田早三熟二熟区	400	1000	600	580	790	210
33	102-两湖平原丘陵水田中三熟二熟区	600	1000	400	720	860	140
34	111-浙闽丘陵山地水田旱地三熟二熟区	500	1250	750	725	988	263
35	112-南岭丘陵山地水田旱地三熟二熟区	600	1000	400	720	860	140
36	113-滇南山地旱地水田二熟兼三熟区	600	1400	800	840	1120	280
37	121-华南低平原晚三熟区	450	1200	750	675	938	263
38	122-华南沿海西双版纳台南二熟三熟与热作区	550	1500	950	835	1168	333

表1

图3

图4

图5

表2

图6

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行政区	高产田面积	中产田面积	低产田面积	行政区	高产田面积	中产田面积	低产田面积
河南省	3.72	4.47	2.54	江西省	0.89	1.33	2.18
山东省	3.35	4.95	1.90	甘肃省	0.87	1.77	3.90
江苏省	3.25	2.51	1.00	广西	0.57	2.04	2.51
河北省	2.68	4.26	2.71	浙江省	0.56	1.16	1.04
安徽省	2.28	4.33	1.30	重庆市	0.55	1.32	1.97
湖北省	2.12	2.52	2.04	湖南省	0.50	2.00	3.51
吉林省	1.96	3.15	2.32	福建省	0.44	0.50	1.24
四川省	1.61	5.11	5.31	贵州省	0.42	1.25	3.30
新疆	1.48	2.09	2.30	宁夏	0.27	0.51	1.04
陕西省	1.48	1.89	3.79	海南省	0.18	0.44	0.25
辽宁省	1.46	2.94	1.96	青海省	0.16	0.22	0.43
黑龙江省	1.41	8.78	5.61	台湾省	0.15	0.31	0.18
云南省	1.07	1.61	4.17	上海市	0.07	0.25	0.12
内蒙古	1.03	4.06	6.16	西藏	0.06	0.07	0.33
山西省	0.99	2.16	2.95	天津市	0.06	0.35	0.27
广东省	0.90	1.50	1.94	北京市	0.05	0.23	0.20