中国人口地理研究进展

doi:10.11821/dlxb201408012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

1978年以来是中国人口地理学复兴和发展时期。中国人口地理学工作者消化吸收西方经典人口学理论,讨论中国人口容量问题,认识到中国人口总量即将达到增长极限,强调控制人口总量、努力发展生产和转变生存方式是解决人口问题的关键。针对资源短缺和环境污染问题,提出了创建第四产业,实施环境抚育,推动劳动力就业,降低环境污染的策略。针对民生问题,提出深入开展微观社会调查,主动再造跨尺度的社区制度,推进对人口行为的尺度综合和文化自觉。针对中国人口快速转变和人口结构问题,提出了人口均衡发展理论。针对国土空间开发格局问题,提出了区域发展均衡模型,强调通过产业转移、人口流动、转移支付等手段,形成相对均衡的区域发展格局。针对区域人口发展不平衡问题,提出了人口发展功能分区指标和分区模型,初步实现了视野综合化、指标定量化、分析模型化,将人口地理学研究推向新高度。未来中国人口地理学研究,一要围绕人口普查和人口业务数据库,建设分布式人口地理信息系统,推动人口专题数据和人口计量模型共享,巩固和发展人口地理学定量化研究之特色;二要加强不同尺度的社区微观调查,主动调控人口快速转变情景下的社区行为,提高对人口地理学定量研究结果的理解和解释;三要加强国际人口情报交流,把握各国人口演化趋势,从经济全球化的分工合作体系的视角,合理配置中国劳动力资源和人才资源。中国人口地理学应坚持走跨学科的发展道路,努力在世界人口之巅辛勤耕耘,为国家发展、学科建设做出应有的贡献。

关键词: 人口地理学, 交叉学科, 人口, 尺度, 社区, 人口问题, 中国

Abstract:

China's reform and opening up period saw a revival of research into population geography. Chinese researchers have discussed the issues of population capacity and realized that the total population of China will reach its maximum capacity and result in many social problems. The key to solving these problems is controlling total population capacity, developing production and changing lifestyles. Faced with resource shortages and environmental pollution, Chinese researchers have proposed strategies for creating a fourth industry, feeding environment, promoting labor employment, reducing environment pollution, and promoting gracious social behavior, cultural consciousness and new community organization at different scales. In response to rapid industrial shifts and various population structures, the research field proposed the theory of balanced population growth, and when faced with land use and development issues they developed a regional development model through industry transfer, population migration and payment transfer. Other themes covered in this review include unbalanced regional development, functional zoning indicators, a partitioned model of population development, population analysis, quantitative index and modeling. Future work on population geography in China requires (1) a distributed geographic information system around census and population thematic data to promote the exchange of population data and measurement models; (2) strengthening surveys of different micro-scale communities and control of the active behavior of community systems under rapid population change to improve our understanding and interpretation of quantitative population geography; and (3) international population intelligence exchange to better understand the population evolution trends of different countries, and regulate and control the allocation of labor and talent. Last, population geography researchers in China should adopt interdisciplinary methods to maximize their contribution to national development and scientific research.

Key words: population geography, interdisciplinary research, population scale, population community, population problem

刘劲松. 中国人口地理研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(8): 1177-1189.

Jinsong LIU. A review of population geography research in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(8): 1177-1189.

图/表 2

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项目	主要指标	辅助指标
人居环境适宜性	人居环境指数 (HEI)	地形起伏度、地被指数、气候适宜度、水文指数
水土资源承载力	土地资源承载指数 (LCCI)	土地资源承载力、土地超载率、粮食盈余率、现实生产力、潜在生产力、人均粮食占有量
水土资源承载力	水资源承载指数 (WCCI)	水资源承载力、水资源超载率、水量盈余率、水资源负载指数、人均综合用水量
物质积累基础与人类发展水平	物质积累指数 (HMI)	基础设施水平、交通通达水平、经济发展水平
物质积累基础与人类发展水平	人类发展指数 (HDI)	人口预期寿命、教育指数、生活水平
地方开发强度		人口密度、经济密度、城市化水平