地理学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 69 ›› Issue (7): 958-968.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201407008
张威1(), 刘蓓蓓1(
), 崔之久2, 李洋洋1, 刘亮1
收稿日期:
2014-01-16
修回日期:
2014-05-19
出版日期:
2014-07-20
发布日期:
2014-09-12
作者简介:
作者简介:张威 (1969-), 男, 吉林松原人, 教授, 博士生导师, 中国地理学会会员 (S110008848M), 主要从事环境与灾害地貌研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Wei ZHANG1(), Beibei LIU1(
), Zhijiu CUI2, Yangyang LI1, Liang LIU1
Received:
2014-01-16
Revised:
2014-05-19
Online:
2014-07-20
Published:
2014-09-12
Supported by:
摘要:
中国典型山地无现代冰川作用区冰川平衡线高度的确定对于过去环境变化研究具有重要的科学意义。选取青藏高原边缘17个山体的28个气象站气温与降水数据,采用确定的最大降水带与经验曲线关系法 (简称MPC,下同)、确定的最大降水带与统计公式法 (MPF) 和实际气象站降水与经验公式法 (WPF),恢复了17个山地的现代理论冰川平衡线高度,并对比了三种方法的适用性;综合分析了三种方法的原理、参数选取、计算过程以及误差来源;详细讨论了冰川平衡线处气温与降水关系式、气象站的海拔高度、气温垂直递减率、降水梯度对计算现代冰川平衡线的影响。提出了无现代冰川区的现代理论冰川平衡线计算的综合因子法 (ZYZ)。
张威, 刘蓓蓓, 崔之久, 李洋洋, 刘亮. 中国典型山地冰川平衡线的影响因素分析[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(7): 958-968.
Wei ZHANG, Beibei LIU, Zhijiu CUI, Yangyang LI, Liang LIU. Theoretical glacial equilibrium line altitudes and their influencing factors in the typical mountains of China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(7): 958-968.
表1
不同方法计算的现代理论平衡线处的高度、夏季气温和年降水量对比表"
方法 | MPC | MPF | WPF | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
山体 | 地理 坐标 (N,E) | 气象站高度 (m) | 气象站6-8月气温(oC) | 气象站年降水 (mm) | 实际平衡线高度(m) | 冰川平衡线高度(m) | 气温 (oC) | 降水 (mm) | 冰川平衡线高度(m) | 气温 (oC) | 降水 (mm) | 冰川平衡线高度(m) | 气温 (oC) | 降水 (mm) | 气象资料来源 |
阿尔泰山 | 47°, 88° | 1900 | 11.9 | 664 | 3320 | 3688 | 1.17 | 689 | 3750 | 0.8 | 689 | 3873 | 0.06 | 664 | [35] |
天山 | 43°, 86° | 3539 | 4.3 | 454 | 4056 | 4239 | 0.1 | 454 | 4294 | -0.23 | 454 | 4365 | -0.66 | 454 | [36] |
长白山 | 42°, 128° | 2624 | 6.9 | 1340 | 3290 | 2.9 | 1340 | 3364 | 2.46 | 1340 | 3407 | 2.2 | 1340 | [1] | |
贺兰山 | 38°, 106° | 2901 | 10.6 | 430.2 | 4654 | 0.08 | 430.2 | 4727 | -0.36 | 430 | 4791 | -0.74 | 430.2 | [37] | |
玛雅雪山 | 37°, 102° | 3045 | 10.3 | 355.4 | 4856 | -0.57 | 355.4 | 4900 | -0.83 | 355 | 4928 | -1 | 355.4 | [23] | |
泰山 | 117°, 36° | 1534 | 16.8 | 1132 | 3867 | 2.8 | 1267 | 3949 | 2.31 | 1267 | 4072 | 1.57 | 1132 | [1] | |
马衔山 | 36°, 103° | 1800 | 19 | 494.8 | 4883 | 0.5 | 536.8 | 4935 | 0.19 | 537 | 5050 | -0.5 | 494.8 | [38] | |
太白山 | 34°, 107° | 1543 | 19.3 | 752.6 | 4451 | 1.85 | 876 | 4526 | 1.4 | 876 | 4700 | 0.36 | 752.6 | [39] | |
五台山 | 113°, 39° | 2898 | 9.5 | 828.5 | 4198 | 1.7 | 828.5 | 4271 | 1.26 | 829 | 4380 | 0.61 | 828.5 | [40] | |
黄山 | 118°, 30° | 1840 | 16.6 | 2394 | 3906 | 4.2 | 2461 | 3946 | 3.96 | 2461 | 3756 | 5.1 | 2394 | [1] | |
白马雪山 | 28°, 99° | 4292 | 5.1 | 807.1 | 4800 | 4867 | 1.65 | 807.1 | 4942 | 1.2 | 807 | 5054 | 0.53 | 807.1 | [34] |
千湖山 | 27°, 99° | 3276 | 12.9 | 849.8 | 5134 | 1.75 | 849.8 | 5206 | 1.32 | 850 | 5312 | 0.68 | 849.8 | [41、42] | |
玉龙雪山 | 27°, 100° | 2393 | 17.7 | 950 | 4800 | 5026 | 1.9 | 950 | 5076 | 1.6 | 950 | 5176 | 1 | 950 | [43] |
螺髻山 | 27°, 102° | 2640 | 15.8 | 956 | 4940 | 2.0 | 956 | 5005 | 1.61 | 956 | 5103 | 1.02 | 956 | * | |
点苍山 | 100°, 26° | 1990 | 19.8 | 1054 | 4905 | 2.31 | 1054 | 4980 | 1.86 | 1054 | 5068 | 1.33 | 1054 | [41] | |
拱王山 | 26°, 103° | 3900 | 6.8 | 1570 | 4488 | 3.27 | 1570 | 4558 | 2.85 | 4558 | 4553 | 2.88 | 1570 | [44] | |
台湾玉山 | 23°, 120° | 3845 | 7.4 | 3054 | 4361 | 4.3 | 3054 | 4328 | 4.5 | 3054 | 3953 | 6.75 | 3054 | [14] |
表2
各气象站气象数据以及应用WPF法计算的现代平衡线"
观测站 | 海拔 (m) | 年降水量 (mm) | 夏季气温 (oC) | 现代理论平衡线处气温值 (oC) | 夏季气温递减率 (oC/100m) | 现代理论平衡线高程 (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
奔子栏 | 2050 | 285.6 | 23.7 | -1.3 | 0.75 | 5378 |
东竹林 | 2988 | 532.8 | 16.5 | -0.4 | 0.78 | 5152 |
122道班 | 3760 | 946.1 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 4961 |
白马雪山垭口 | 4292 | 807.1 | 5.1 | 0.5 | 0.76 | 4893 |
飞来寺 | 3485 | 513.8 | 11.3 | -0.4 | 0.72 | 5117 |
向阳坡 | 2747 | 410.6 | 17.4 | -0.8 | 0.69 | 5386 |
日嘴 | 2080 | 425.0 | 21.7 | -0.8 | 0.69 | 5335 |
布尔津 | 474 | 117.4 | 22.5 | -1.9 | 0.59 | 4609 |
哈巴河 | 533 | 172.0 | 21.6 | -1.7 | 0.59 | 4479 |
阿勒泰 | 735 | 174.0 | 21.2 | -1.7 | 0.59 | 4611 |
富蕴 | 803 | 157.7 | 22.8 | -1.7 | 0.59 | 4962 |
青河 | 1218 | 158.9 | 18.6 | -1.7 | 0.59 | 4663 |
森塔斯 | 1900 | 664.0 | 11.9 | 0.1 | 0.59 | 3907 |
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