黄土高原山地森林群落植物区系特征与地理格局

doi:10.11821/dlxb201407004

地理学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 69 ›› Issue (7): 916-925.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201407004

黄土高原山地森林群落植物区系特征与地理格局

赵鸣飞^1,²(), 王宇航^1,², 邢开雄^1,², 康慕谊^1,²(), 刘全儒³, 李秋颐², 黄永梅²

1. 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
2. 北京师范大学资源学院, 北京 100875
3. 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2014-01-24 修回日期:2014-06-07 出版日期:2014-07-20 发布日期:2014-07-20
作者简介:
作者简介：赵鸣飞, 博士研究生, 研究方向为植被生态学。E-mail: landscaper.mf@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金 (41271059);科技部科技基础性工作专项 (2011FY110300)

Floristic traits and geographic patterns of natural montane forests at community level on the Loess Plateau, North China

Mingfei ZHAO^1,²(), Yuhang WANG^1,², Kaixiong XING^1,², Muyi KANG^1,²(), Quanru LIU³, Qiuyi LI², Yongmei HUANG²

1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3. College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2014-01-24 Revised:2014-06-07 Published:2014-07-20 Online:2014-07-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41271059;National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China, No.2011FY110300]

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以样地数据为基础,对黄土高原内11座山地森林群落的区系组成、联系、格局以及与气候因子的关系等方面进行了较为系统的分析,结果表明：(1) 研究区内森林群落物种丰富,353个样地共调查到维管植物108科473属1222种,其中被子植物93科447属1179种,裸子植物4科7属9种,蕨类植物11科19属34种。(2) 按区域和局地两个尺度统计显示,研究区内科、属分布区类型以“温带分布”特别是“北温带分布”为主,此特征在群落尺度上尤显突出。(3) 非度量多维度标度排序 (NMDS) 第一轴主要揭示各山地森林分布的典型海拔变化范围,第二轴则展示出各山地的地理纬度位置关系;系统聚类树同样体现出各山地间基于区系组成特征的地理空间联系与南北位置关系,并将各山地依区系组成特征划分为4组;经比较山地间最大Sørenson相似性系数知,贺兰山因地处区域西北边缘而与其他山地间区系联系最弱,反之太岳山与其他山地区系联系最强。(4) R/T值 (热带属与温带属比值) 线性回归模型解释了42.1%的数据变异,并揭示该值随年均温升高呈显著上升趋势,随着海拔升高则有显著下降趋势,但与年均降水量之间并无显著趋势。

关键词: 黄土高原, 森林群落, 植物区系, R/T值, 地理格局

Abstract:

Based on the sampling data, we analyzed and revealed the floristic characteristics and the relationships of floristic composition between and among 11 mountains on the Loess Plateau. The results indicate that: (1) The floristic composition in forest communities in this region is abundant. Among the 353 plots, 1222 species of vascular plants, belonging to 473 genera of 108 families, were discovered. In those species, 1179 species of 447 genera of 93 families are Angyospermae, 9 species of 7 genera of 4 families are Gymnospermae, and 34 species of 19 genera of 11 families are Pteridophyta. (2) On the regional and local scales, the dominant distribution types of floristic elements at the family and genus levels are temperate origin, especially the north temperate origin. This characteristic is unique on the scale of community level. (3) The first axis of NMDS ordination revealed typical variation range of elevational gradient. The second axis displayed the latitudinal relationship between and among different mountains. The whole study area can be divided into 4 groups with different levels of floristic linkage by hierarchical clustering. Through the comparison of maximum Sørenson similarity coefficient, Helan Mountain, located at the northwest edge of the region, had the weakest relation with other mountains, whereas Taiyue Mountain had the strongest relation with all of the other mountains. (4) Multiple linear regression analysis accounted for 42.1% of the variation within the R/T value (ratio of the tropical to the temperate elements), revealing a significant trend that the R/T value in the region increased at sites with high annual average temperature, whereas it decreased at sites with high elevation. However, no significant tendency of the R/T value with annual precipitation was found in the same analysis.

Key words: Loess Plateau, forest community, plantflora, R/T value, geographic pattern

赵鸣飞, 王宇航, 邢开雄, 康慕谊, 刘全儒, 李秋颐, 黄永梅. 黄土高原山地森林群落植物区系特征与地理格局[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(7): 916-925.

Mingfei ZHAO, Yuhang WANG, Kaixiong XING, Muyi KANG, Quanru LIU, Qiuyi LI, Yongmei HUANG. Floristic traits and geographic patterns of natural montane forests at community level on the Loess Plateau, North China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(7): 916-925.

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山地名称	海拔 (m)	调查范围 (海拔m)	调查涉及的典型群落建群种	样地数
贺兰山	3556	1330~3150	青海云杉 (Picea crassifolia)、油松 (Pinus tabulaeformis)、灰榆 (Ulmus glaucescens)、杜松 (Juniperus rigida)	91 (其中65个为 10 m×10 m样地)
大青山	2338	1150~1940	白桦 (Betula platyphylla)、山杨 (Populus davidiana)、油松	15
芦芽山	2787	1820~2640	华北落叶松 (Larix principis-rupprechtii)、青杄 (Picea wilsonii)、白桦	17
关帝山	2831	1700~2510	华北落叶松、青杄、白桦、辽东栎 (Quercus wutaishanica)、油松	22
太岳山	2354	1480~2220	华北落叶松、辽东栎、红桦 (Betula albo-sinensis)、白桦、油松、青榨槭 (Acer davidii)	17
中太行	2148	1510~1940	辽东栎、山杨、油松	9
中条山	2322	730~2280	油松、辽东栎、栓皮栎、鹅耳枥 (Carpinus turczaninowii)、千金榆 (Carpinus cordata)、葛萝槭 (Acer grosseri)、栓皮栎 (Quercus variabilis)、槲栎 (Quercus aliena)、华山松 (Pinus armandii)	83 (20 m×20 m样地)
黄龙山	1784	1320~1740	辽东栎、油松、白桦	11
子午岭	1758	1120~1730	辽东栎、油松、白桦、侧柏 (Platycladus orientalis)	45
关山	2200	1520~2090	白桦、辽东栎、油松、槲栎、胡桃楸 (Juglans mandshurica)	18
六盘山	2942	2110~2710	白桦、红桦、糙皮桦 (Betula utilis)、辽东栎	22

分布区类型	科水平		属水平
分布区类型	No.	(%)	No.	(%)
F1. 世界广布Cosmopolitan	42	-	57	-
F2. 泛热带分布及变型Pantropic	27	41.5	31	7.5
F3. 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. Disjuncted	4	6.2	5	1.2
F4. 旧世界热带分布及变型Old World Trop.	1	1.5	9	2.2
F5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布Trop. Asia to Trop. Australasia Oceania	1	1.5	5	1.2
F6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa	-	-	5	1.2
F7. 热带亚洲分布及变型Trop. Asia	1	1.5	8	1.9
F8. 北温带分布及变型North Temperate	23	35.4	167	40.1
F9. 东亚和北美间断分布E. Asia & N. Amer. Disjuncted	2	3.1	40	9.6
F10. 旧世界温带分布Old World Temp.	1	1.5	67	16.1
F11. 温带亚洲分布Temp. Asia	-	-	24	5.8
F12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布Med., W. Asia to C. Asia	-	-	7	1.7
F13. 中亚分布C. Asia	-	-	2	0.5
F14. 东亚分布E. Asia	6	9.2	37	8.9
F15. 中国特有分布Endemic to China	-	-	9	2.2

生态因子	回归系数	标准化回归系数	t值	p值	决定系数	F值	p值
海拔 (m)	-0.00049	-0.2399	-3.265	0.001	0.421	59.41	< 0.001
年均温 (°C)	0.10170	0.2904	4.419	< 0.001
年降水 (mm)	-0.00002	-0.004	-0.082	0.935

黄土高原山地森林群落植物区系特征与地理格局

Floristic traits and geographic patterns of natural montane forests at community level on the Loess Plateau, North China

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