Spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism：A comparative study of three villages in Yesanpo tourism area, China
XI Jianchao1, WANG Xinge1,2, KONG Qinqin1,2, ZHANG Nan1,2
1. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract：As the main reception base and important tourism attraction, tourism village is the core element of the tourism destination system, and has also become one of the most important forms of rural urbanization in China. Integrating the method of PRA (participatory rural assessment), GIS technology and HD remote sensing images, this study aims to analyze the spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism through a comparative study of three tourism villages in Yesanpo tourism destination. The results suggest that there exists a "core-periphery" pattern of the spatial evolution of rural settlements. The closer to the core scenic spot, the higher degree of land-use intensity the village shows, as well as the more mature tourism function and greater change in landscape pattern. In the research, Gougezhuang shows an increase of the floor area ratio from 0.17 to 0.44, with the most mature tourism function and destroyed landscape authenticity as well and it has the lowest authenticity index of 0.448. Liujiahe has gone through a largest increase of 96.54% in construction land area, with moderately mature tourism function and relatively stable authenticity of 0.566. Shangzhuang, in contrast, has the lowest construction land scale and intensity, with the poorest tourism function and most well-preserved landscape authenticity of 0.942. Overall, in term of the spatial morphology, the three villages are characterized by "modern town", "semi-urbanization" and "traditional village", respectively, in corresponding to three land development types: "intensive reconstruction type", "enclave extension type" and "in situ using type". Tourism village is the basic spatial unit of rural tourism. The spatial evolution patterns of these three villages present the spatial characteristics of the touristization of traditional villages in different stages, and also has great representative value for the management of rural settlements in tourism destinations of China.
席建超, 王新歌, 孔钦钦, 张楠. 旅游地乡村聚落演变与土地利用模式——野三坡旅游区三个旅游村落案例研究[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(4): 531-540.
XI Jianchao, WANG Xinge, KONG Qinqin, ZHANG Nan. Spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism：A comparative study of three villages in Yesanpo tourism area, China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(4): 531-540.
[1] Long Hualou, Li Yurui, Liu Yansui et al. Accelerated restructuring in rural China fueled by 'increasing vs. decreasing balance' land-use policy for dealing with hollowed villages. Land Use Policy, 2012, 29(1): 11-22. [2] Liu Yansui. Rural transformation development and new countryside construction in eastern coastal area of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(6): 563-570. [刘彦随. 中国东部沿海地区乡村转型发展与新农村建设. 地理学报, 2007, 62(6): 563-570.] [3] Long Hualou. Land use transition and rural transformation development. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(2): 193-200.[龙花楼. 论土地利用转型与乡村转型发展. 地理科学进展, 2012, 31(2): 193-200.] [4] Mitchell C. Making sense of counterurbanization. Journal of Rural Studies, 2004, 20(1): 15-34. [5] Dahms F. Settlement evolution in the arena society in the urban field. Journal of Rural Studies, 1998, 14(4): 299-320. [6] Long Hualou, Li Tingting. Analysis of the coupling of farmland and rural housing land transition in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(2): 201-210. [龙花楼, 李婷婷. 中国耕地和农村宅基地利用转型耦合分析. 地理学报, 2012, 67(2): 201-210.] [7] Long Hualou, Zou Jian, Liu Yansui. Differentiation of rural development driven by industrialization and urbanization in eastern coastal China. Habitat International, 2009, 33(4): 454-462. [8] National Tourism Administration Planning and Finance. About the "National Rural Tourism Development Program (2009-2015)", URL: http://www.china.com.cn/travel/txt/2009~07/02/content_18055536.htm. [国家旅游局规划财务司. 《全国乡村旅游发展纲要(2009-2015)》. http://www.china.com.cn/travel/txt/2009~07/02/content_18055536.htm.] [9] Xue Li. Study on the inner decaying village and the countermeasures with Jiangsu province as the case. City Planning Review, 2001, 25(6): 8-13. [薛力. 城市化背景下的“空心村”现象及其对策探讨: 以江苏省为例. 城市规划, 2001, 25 (6): 8-13.] [10] Cheng Liansheng, Feng Wenyong, Jiang Lihong. The analysis of rural settlement hollowizing system of the southeast of Taiyuan Basin. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(4): 437-446. [程连生, 冯文勇, 蒋立宏. 太原盆地东南部农村聚 落空心化机理分析. 地理学报, 2001, 56(4): 437-446.] [11] Wang Chengxin, Yao Shimou, Chen Caihong. Empirical study on "village-hollowing" in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2005, 25(3): 257-262. [王成新, 姚士谋, 陈彩虹. 中国农村聚落空心化问题实证研究. 地理科学, 2005, 25(3): 257-262.] [12] Zhong Zaiming. The causes and treatment of idle homestead in rural area. Agricultural Economy, 2008, (6): 57-58. [钟 在明. 农村宅基地闲置原因与治理探析. 农业经济, 2008, (6): 57-58.] [13] Young B. "Touristization" of traditional Maltese fishing-farming village: A general model. Tourism Management, 1983, 4(1): 35-41. [14] Xi Jianchao, Zhao Meifeng, Ge Quansheng. The micro-scale analysis of rural settlement land use pattern: A case study of Gouge Village of Yesanpo Scenic Area in Hebei Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(12): 1707-1717. [席建 超, 赵美风, 葛全胜. 旅游地村落用地格局演变的微尺度分析: 河北野三坡旅游区苟各庄村的案例实证. 地理学报, 2011, 66(12): 1707-1717.] [15] Isla F I. From touristic villages to coastal cities: The costs of the big step in Buenos Aires. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2012, 2(5): 1-7. [16] Agarwal S. Restructuring sea-side tourism: The resort lifecycle. Annals of Tourism Research, 2001, 29(1): 25-55. [17] Butler R W. Concept of a tourism area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 1980, 24(1): 5-12. [18] Papatheodorou A. Exploring the evolution of tourism resorts. Annals of Tourism Research, 2004, 31(1): 219-237. [19] Butler R, Clark G, Bowler I R. Tourism in rural areas: Canada and the United Kingdom. Economy and Society, 1992, 2: 166-183. [20] Zurick D N. Adventure travel and sustainable tourism in the peripheral economy of Nepal. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1992, 82(4): 604-628. [21] Leiper N. Tourist attraction systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 1990, 17(3): 367-384. [22] Pearce D. Tourism in Paris: Studies at the microscale. Annals of Tourism Research, 1999, 26(1): 77-97. [23] Faché W, Ashworth G J. Transformations in the concept of holiday villages in Northern Europe. Tourism and Spatial Transformations, CAB International, 1995: 109-128. [24] Liu Shenghe, Wu Chuanjun, Shen Hongquan. A GIS based model of urban land use growth in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 55(4): 407-416. [刘盛和, 吴传钧, 沈洪泉. 基于GIS的北京城市土地利用扩展模式. 地理学 报, 2002, 55(4): 407-416.] [25] Zou Deci. Floor area ratio. Urban Planning, 1994, (1): 19-23. [邹德慈. 容积率研究. 城市规划, 1994, (1): 19-23.] [26] Zhu Huiyi, Li Xiubin, He Shujin et al. Spatio-temporal change of land use in Bohai Rim. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(3): 253-260. [朱会义, 李秀彬, 何书金等. 环渤海地区土地利用的时空变化分析. 地理学报, 2001, 56(3): 253-260.] [27] Stovel H. Authenticity in conservation decision-making: The world heritage perspective. Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning, Conservation and Cultural Heritage, 2004, 3: 1-8. [28] UNESCO WH Centre. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2005. [29] Wang Yuncai, Mille P, Katen B. The traditionality evaluation of culture landscape space and its holistic conservation pattern: A case study of Qiandeng-Zhangpu region in Jiangsu province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(4): 525-534. [王云才, Mille P, Katen B. 文化景观空间传统性评价及其整体保护格局: 以江苏昆山千灯—张浦片区为例. 地 理学报, 2011, 66(4): 525-534.] [30] Nepal S K. Tourism, rural settlements Nepal's Annapurna region. Annals of Tourism Research, 2007, 34(4): 855-875. [31] Bernard L. What is rural tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1994, 2(1/2): 7-21. [32] Long Hualou, Liu Yansui, Zou Jian. Assessment of rural development types and their rurality in eastern coastal China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(4): 426-434. [龙花楼, 刘彦随, 邹健. 中国东部沿海地区乡村发展类型及其乡村性 评价. 地理学报, 2009, 64(4): 426-434.]
2014, Vol. 69 
