近10年中国大气PM10污染时空格局演变

doi:10.11821/dlxb201311006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为分析近10 年来中国PM₁₀污染时空格局演变，运用统计学和GIS 方法对2002-2012 年PM₁₀监测数据进行分析，结果表明：① 地级及以上城市ρ（PM₁₀）年均值由0.130 mg·m^-3下降至0.076 mg·m^-3，达标城市比例由37.6%上升至92.0%；环保重点城市ρ（PM₁₀）日均值超标天数比例由24.7%下降至7.0%。② 12 月份PM₁₀污染最重，其次为1 月和11 月；8 月份污染最轻，其次为7 月和9 月。③ PM₁₀的重污染区域明显减小，由集中连片分布变为零星点状分布。但空间格局未发生明显变化，北方尤其是西北、华北地区及山东、江苏、湖北一直是PM₁₀污染相对严重地区。④ 北方地区PM₁₀污染重于南方地区，两者的差异主要发生在北方采暖期（1-4 月及11-12 月）。⑤ PM₁₀污染的改善主要体现在重污染城市的改善，1/10 左右的重污染城市对降低全国PM₁₀平均浓度的贡献约占1/3，而清洁城市PM₁₀污染则有加重趋势。⑥ 环保重点城市污染天气以轻度污染为主，占全部污染天数的80.4%。受沙尘天气影响，3、4 月份发生严重污染天气的比例较高。

关键词: PM₁₀, 时空格局, 可吸入颗粒物, 空气质量, 空间分异

Abstract: Based on the annual average daily concentration of PM₁₀ by city was collected from 2002 to 2012, the statistical and GIS methods were used to study the spatio-temporal changes of concentration of PM₁₀ in ambient air of China. The results showed that during the study period, (1) annual daily average concentration of PM₁₀ in cities at or above prefecture level decreased from 0.130 mg·m^-3 to 0.076 mg·m^-3, and the proportion of cities meeting the Grade Ⅱ national air quality standard increased from 37.6% to 92%. (2) PM₁₀ had a highest monthly average concentration in December, followed by January and November; and showed a lowest monthly average concentration in August, followed by July and September. (3) Seriously PM₁₀ polluted areas decreased significantly, and the distribution type changed from centralized distribution to scattered punctuate distribution. But the spatial pattern of PM₁₀ pollution did not change obviously. Northern China, especially northwest China, north China, Shandong, Jiangsu and Hubei were still the relatively serious PM₁₀ polluted areas. (4) PM₁₀ pollution was more serious in northern China than in southern China, and this difference was mainly observed in heating season (from November to next April). (5) Mitigation of PM₁₀ pollution was mainly reflected on the decrease of seriously polluted cities, which accounted for 1/10 of all the cities, and could reduce about 1/3 of the national average concentration of PM₁₀. Different from heavily PM₁₀ polluted cities, the situation of PM₁₀ pollution in relatively clean cities showed an aggravating trend. (6) The PM₁₀ pollution in major environmental protection cities was slightly polluted, accounting for 80.4% of the total number of pollution days. The proportion of serious pollution day was higher in March and April due to the dust-sand weather. The results can provide reference for a better understanding of the situation and changing trend of atmospheric particulate matter pollution in China, and of significance to help the governments at all levels or policy makers to make targeted prevention and control on particulate matters pollution.

Key words: spatial differentiation, PM₁₀, spatio-temporal pattern, ambient air quality

李名升, 张建辉, 张殷俊, 周磊, 李茜, 陈远航. 近10年中国大气PM₁₀污染时空格局演变[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(11): 1504-1512.

LI Mingsheng, ZHANG Jianhui, ZHANG Yinjun, ZHOU Lei, LI Qian, CHEN Yuanhang. Spatio-temporal pattern changes of ambient air PM₁₀ pollution in China from 2002 to 2012[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(11): 1504-1512.

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近10年中国大气PM₁₀污染时空格局演变

Spatio-temporal pattern changes of ambient air PM₁₀ pollution in China from 2002 to 2012

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