Comprehensive evaluation and spatial-temporal changes of eco-environmental quality based on MODIS in Tibet during 2006-2016
Received date: 2018-07-17
Request revised date: 2019-03-06
Online published: 2019-07-23
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0503506)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771493)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41101407)
Copyright
In view of the lack of research on the screening and comprehensive evaluation of vegetation ecological parameters based on remotely sensed date products, this paper firstly proposes a method to evaluate the vegetation eco-environmental quality in Tibet by PCA (principal component analysis). Based on five indicators, including fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), leaf area index (LAI), gross primary productivity (GPP), land surface temperature (LST) and modified wet (Wet) from MODIS satellite data, the law and mechanism of spatial-temporal changes of eco-environmental quality in Tibet in the last 10 years are explored. The experimental results show that: (1) The comprehensive quality of the eco-environmental quality in Tibet is relatively fragile, and the spatial difference in eco-environmental quality is significant. It is excellent in the southeast but poor in the northwest. (2) During the period from 2006 to 2016, the eco-environmental quality in Tibet shows a trend of improving overall. In terms of time series, the proportion of areas improved and degraded in the past 10 years was 31.88% and 4.13% respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the improved areas are distributed in the northwestwen, central and eastern parts, but but the degraded areas are distributed in the southeastern parts. (3) Improvements in hydrothermal conditions (especially the increase in precipitation) and human protection policies have led to improvements in the eco-environmental quality in the western and central Tibet. The strengthening of social and economic activities is the main reason for the deterioration of the eco-environmental quality in the southeast of Tibet.
WU Yijin , ZHAO Xingshuang , XI Yue , LIU Hui , LI Chang . Comprehensive evaluation and spatial-temporal changes of eco-environmental quality based on MODIS in Tibet during 2006-2016[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019 , 74(7) : 1438 -1449 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201907012
表1 研究指标及其数据产品Tab. 1 Research indicators and data products |
指标 | 产品 | 时间分辨率(d) | 空间分辨率(m) | 等级 |
---|---|---|---|---|
FVC | MOD13A2 (归一化植被指数) | 16 | 1000 | L3 |
LAI | MOD15A2H | 8 | 500 | L4 |
GPP | MOD17A2H | 8 | 500 | L4 |
LST | MOD11A2 | 8 | 1000 | L3 |
Wet | MOD09A1 (地表反射率) | 8 | 500 | L3 |
表2 各主成分对应的贡献率与特征值Tab. 2 The contribution rates and characteristic values of principal components |
指标 | 2006年 | 2016年 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC1 | PC2 | ||
FVC | 0.932 | 0.001 | 0.880 | 0.051 | |
LAI | 0.954 | 0.028 | 0.912 | 0.927 | |
GPP | 0.981 | 0.011 | 0.924 | 0.938 | |
LST | 0.349 | -0.758 | 0.219 | 0.154 | |
Wet | 0.281 | 0.802 | 0.478 | 0.494 | |
特征值 | 2.941 | 1.219 | 2.782 | 1.227 | |
方差贡献率(%) | 58.822 | 24.384 | 55.638 | 24.528 | |
累计贡献率(%) | 58.822 | 83.206 | 55.638 | 80.165 |
图4 2006和2016年西藏生态综合指数(P)分布图Fig. 4 Distribution of ecological indexes in Tibet in 2006 and 2016 |
Tab. 3 Area distribution of each ecological indexes in Tibet between 2006 and 2016 |
生态综合 指数等级 | 2006年 | 2016 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积(km2) | 百分比(%) | 面积(km2) | 百分比(%) | ||
差(0.0~0.2) | 536545 | 57.63 | 319410 | 35.45 | |
较差(0.2~0.4) | 251186 | 26.98 | 379048 | 42.07 | |
中等(0.4~0.6) | 105307 | 11.31 | 161781 | 17.96 | |
良(0.6~0.8) | 30960 | 3.33 | 35122 | 3.90 | |
优(0.8~1.0) | 7051 | 0.76 | 5567 | 0.62 |
表4 2006-2016年间西藏地区生态指数变化检测Tab. 4 Change detection of ecological indexes in Tibet between 2006 and 2016 |
类别 | 类别 | 面积(km2) | 级别百分比(%) | 类别百分比(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
变差 | 明显变差(-2) | 947 | 0.11 | 4.13 |
变差 (-1) | 35939 | 4.03 | ||
不变 | 不变 (0) | 571302 | 63.99 | 63.99 |
变好 | 变好 (+1) | 284112 | 31.82 | 31.88 |
明显变好(+2) | 470 | 0.05 |
图6 2006-2016年西藏各市GDP和重工业产值增速对比Fig. 6 Comparison of growth rate of GDP and heavy industry output in various cities at Tibet from 2006 to 2016 |
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