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  • 2014 Volume 69 Issue 2
    Published: 20 February 2014
      
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  • The correlated decision process of house moving and job change and its heterogeneity：A case study of Beijing
    YU Jianhui, DONG Guanpeng, ZHANG Wenzhong, CHEN Li, DANG Yunxiao
    2014, 69(2): 147-155. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402001
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    People's decision of residential mobility in the housing market and decision of job change in labor market play an essential role in the formation and dynamics of urban spatial structure. In the traditional urban geographical view, job change is just a factor, which affects the decision of residential mobility. But this paper tries to investigate the correlated decision process of residential mobility and job change, and studies their heterogeneity in this interrelationship using the large-scale survey sample of residential living of Beijing in the year of 2009. Based on the bivariate discrete analysis, some conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) People's decision of residential mobility is significantly positively correlated with the decision of job change, indicating that these two dimensional decisions are in fact a correlated decision process rather than two independent decisions. (2) There is heterogeneity in the correlated decisions of residential mobility and job change. More specifically, the interrelationship between the decisions of residential mobility and job change in groups without Beijing hukou, renters and single worker households is more intensive than that in groups with Beijing hukou, owners and multiworkers households. Institutional obstacle of housing and labor market, migration costs caused by family demographics and commuting costs are the main contributing factors in the process of correlated decisions. (3) There is great heterogeneity in the determinants of residential relocation and job change among groups in terms of housing tenure, household registration status and family employment structure. Different groups have various main factors during the process of correlated decisions. The factor of commuting costs only works in the group of renters and single worker households. Institutional obstacle of housing and labor market is the main factor during the decision process of the people with Beijing hukou, owners and multi-worker households. Migration costs caused by family demographics are the basic consideration when multi-worker households make decisions.
  • Urban internationalization under joint actions of transnational institutions and locals：The case study of Bonn, Germany
    MEI Lin, XUE Desheng, Frauke KRAAS
    2014, 69(2): 156-168. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402002
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    As a dynamic process, urban system develops through actions of exogenous and endogenous actors. Transnational institutions are significant exogenous actors, whose critical efforts for urban globalization deserves more attentions. In the case of Bonn, institutional milieu and situation is created by the power and policies of the federal, state and local government, which is indispensable for embedding of transnational actors. Under the common appeal of establishing international cooperation with government, companies, local people and also non-human actors, transnational institutions such as UN institutions, NGOs, science and research institutions have settled down in Bonn with positive translation and produced interactive effect with them, which creates firmly "seamless" actor network for urban development of globalization. Different intentions and behavioral patterns also reshape urban space, which becomes the way to investigate maturity of the actor network in Bonn. In fact, Bonn has experienced: (1) spatial reconstruction from politics to international cooperation; (2) spatial agglomeration with hub-spoke model. UN institutions as hubs and others diffuse regularly; (3) at first, resources, information and locations of actors are diverse, which shapes unequal power space through the operation of network hubs; With the process of rejection, conflict, negotiation and accordance at last, urban spatial function advances with progressive maturity of the actor network. Through establishing theoretical connection between ANT and urban study while combining transnational institutions within urban globalization research, on the one hand it is broadening the approach of urban study, on the other hand it is also the way to explore more through the interaction of multi-actors during the urban development process of globalization.
  • A novel method to approximate intercity networks and its empirical validation
    ZHAO Miaoxi, WU Kang, LIU Xingjian, Ben DERUDDER
    2014, 69(2): 169-183. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402003
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    A network perspective has increasingly become an organizing paradigm for understanding regional spatial structure. This paper begins with a critical overview of existing empirical models for estimating intercity networks based on corporate linkages. Extending a recently proposed primary linkage algorithm by Hennemann and Derudder, this paper advances a new method for approximating urban network with locational strategies of firms. The new method considers both regional and hierarchical network features, and avoids information loss that is typical for the conversion between two-mode intercity corporate networks and one-mode intercity networks. In addition, networks estimated by the new method are suitable to be used with social network analytics. The newly proposed method is empirically validated with intercity corporate networks formed by advanced producer service (APS) firms in China's two largest metropolitan regions: Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). The empirical analysis suggests that (1) in contrast with conventional methods (e.g., the interlocking city network model), our new method would produce regional and hierarchical urban networks that more closely resemble the reality; and (2) the new method allows the effective use of social network analytics such as betweenness and closeness centralities. Nevertheless, the authors note that the validity of any approximation methods for urban networks depends on the soundness of underlying assumptions about how network actors (firms, in our case) interact with each other.
  • The perception and identity to the cultural micro-space：A case study of Fangsuo Commune in TaiKoo Hui, Guangzhou
    XIE Xiaoru, FENG Dan, ZHU Hong
    2014, 69(2): 184-198. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402004
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    Since the 1970s, economic and cultural globalization has become the vital dynamic in the production of micro-spaces. With the deepening of research and practice, space is no longer considered as a meaningless container. After a long time's researches, geographers have used the concept of space to explain the complexity and multiformity of this social world. As the modern mode of production changes, a post-modern society characterized by symbols and aesthetics has come into being. Therefore, culture plays an important role in the production of consumption spaces. Cultural consumption spaces, as significant components in the establishment of the urban spaces, not only have the function of economic exchange, but also reserve rich cultural implications. Simultaneously, with the growth of cultural studies in the 1970s, identity displayed a critical useful tool in the analysis of cultural forms, and gradually became the principal part of cultural studies. The meaning of physical space is unprecedentedly highlighted. Space is regarded as the key factor in the construction of place identity. Such backgrounds are impetus of a newly emerging space—Fangsuo Commune in Taikoo Hui Super Mall in Guangzhou. Labelled with a cultural symbol, Fangsuo Commune has received wide attention, which is very different from the fact that physical bookstores are becoming marginalized in modern consumption society. Taking Fangsuo Commune in Taikoo Hui Super Mall as an example, the performance of cultural identity of physical bookshop, as well as the perception and identity of consumers are to be understood. The results indicate that, on the one hand, under the cultural means performed by the managers, Fangsuo Commune is shaped as a micro-epitome of the global culture, as well as a new cultural space with characteristics of dignity and elegance. On the other hand, by perceiving the physical space, the culture of products and the groups in Fangsuo Commune, most consumers have approved of this new cultural consumption space. Labelled by culture and the production of relative meanings, the physical bookstore manages to complete its self-salvation. Therefore, the bookstore is accepted by consumers again.
  • Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the coordination development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization in China：A prefecture level exploratory spatial data analysis
    LI Yurui, WANG Jing, LIU Yansui, LONG Hualou
    2014, 69(2): 199-212. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402005
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    The coordination development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization (so called "Sihua Tongbu" in Chinese, and hereinafter referred to as "new four modernizations"; China first put forward the term of "four modernizations" in the early 1960s, targeting the fields of industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology) is practical need and strategic direction of integrating urban-rural development and regional development in recent China. This study mainly aims to explore the spatial pattern and influencing factors of coordination development of new four modernizations of China's prefecture-level regions. Firstly, we established a comprehensive evaluation index system to reveal the spatial pattern of coordination development of new four modernizations. And then, Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the coordinating degrees of new four modernizations and main indicators reflecting regional development state. Thirdly, a spatial econometric model was employed to explore the factors affecting the coordination development of the new four modernizations. Moreover, a set of rules based on the coordination development level of the new four modernizations has been established to identify the problematic region. The main contents and results were summed up as follows: (1) the respective development level of the new four modernizations and the coupling degree and coordinating degree of the new four modernizations shows obvious spatial difference. (2) The coordinating degree of new four modernizations is at relatively low level, and has significant positive correlation with per capita net income of farmers and per capita gross domestic product, and in contrast, it has significant negative correlation with both the income gap and consumption gap between urban and rural residents. (3) Socio-economic conditions, traffic location and physical geography conditions show obvious impacts on the coordinating state of new four modernizations, especially, on social investment, financial investment and financial support on agriculture and rural areas, as well as development level of large and medium-sized enterprise, road infrastructure density and social consumption, have robust and positive impacts on the coordinating state of new four modernizations. (4) A total of 145 prefecture-level cities have been identified as problematic regions according to their coordinating states of new four modernizations. These cities are mainly located in the traditional agricultural zones of central China, hilly areas of southwest China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our findings may contribute to the knowledge of coordination development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization in the new era of urban-rural transformation development. To promote the coordination development of new four modernizations needs for top-level design, common institutional innovation, and regional policy innovation specifically for problematic regions. In addition, more social investment, financial investment and financial support for agricultural and rural development should be encouraged, and more attention should be paid to expand domestic demand actively, optimize the export-oriented economic development strategy, and enhance the efficiency of the investment in urban construction and education development.
  • The spatial distribution and types of the development level of Chinese agricultural modernization
    LONG Dongping, LI Tongsheng, MIAO Yuanyuan, YU Zhengsong
    2014, 69(2): 213-226. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402006
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    The modernization of agriculture is a crucial symbol of the progress of social civilization, and an essential part of China's "four modernizations" of the simultaneous development. From the geographic perspective, this paper tries to comprehensively evaluate the development level of agricultural modernization in China by building index system with multi-index comprehensive evaluation method and Delphi method. Besides, it uses some spatial analyses and type researches to explore the regional differentiation law about the development of agricultural modernization in China in order to provide reference for its rapid and steady development. The results indicate that: (1) From the national level, Chinese agricultural modernization development level can be categorized into the eastern and western parts according to Hu's line, presenting a pattern of "high east and low west". At the same time, Chinese agricultural modernization development level improves on the whole with the increase of distance from Hu's line, presenting a pattern of slightly flattened "S" curve; (2) From the local perspective, there are obvious regional differences in the development level of agricultural modernization among the eastern, western and central regions and Northeast China, and in space a trend of decrease is found in the development level of agricultural modernization from the east, north-east, center to the west; (3) The four sub-dimensions indicators of the development level of Chinese agricultural modernization in the geographical space also reveal some regional differentiation pattern, and how to break the stereotype and path dependence of agriculture development will become the practical problem and scientific issue for government at all levels and geographers; (4) The development level of Chinese agricultural modernization can be divided into five types of areas and different areas should have clear present and future development ideas and strategies.
  • Farmland marginalization in the mountainous areas：Characteristics, influencing factors and policy implications
    SHAO Jing'an, ZHANG Shichao, LI Xiubin
    2014, 69(2): 227-242. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402007
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    Based on data sources (e.g., SPOT-5 images, 1:1 million topographic maps, distribution maps of returning farmland to forest and Chongqing forest project, social and economic statistics information, etc.) this paper identified the characteristics and influencing factors of farmland marginalization. The results indicated that: (1) During the last 10 years (2002-2012), the rate of farmland marginalization was 16.18% in the study area. This phenomenon was mainly found in high mountainous areas of northern Qiyao mountain and middle mountain areas of southern Qiyao mountain. Moreover, farmland marginalization, to a great extent, will increase, associated with non-agriculturalization of rural labors and aging of remaining labors. (2) Elevation, relative distribution radius from village and road connection degree had a greater influence on farmland marginalization in the study area. Farmland marginalization rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of elevation, and 60.88% of the total farmland marginalization area is found at an altitude above 1000 m asl. The marginalization trend for slope and distribution radium was similar with altitude. (3) Farmland area per labor and average age of farm labor were major driving factors of farmland marginalization. Farmland transfer and small agricultural machinery sets affected the farmland marginalization in the aspects of management and productivity efficiency. (4) Farmland with "comparative disadvantage dominated marginalization" accounted for 55.32% of the total farmland marginalization area, followed by "location dominated marginalization"(33.80% ). (5) According to the specific real situation, different policies are suggested to mitigate the marginalization as follows: "continuous marginalization" policy will further exert the impact of returning farmland to forest on "terrain dominated marginalization"; "anti-marginalization" policy is suggested from arranging new rural residence and improving rural road system for "location dominated marginalization"; while "anti-marginalization" policy is planned from improving management and micro-mechanization point of view for "comparative disadvantage dominated marginalization". A new idea was promoted by integrating high resolution remote sensing and statistical data as well as survey information to identify land marginalization and driving forces in mountainous areas, and hence solved the scale problem on patches and villages.
  • The identification and measurement of seaport spatial effect in China
    HAN Zenglin, GUO Jianke
    2014, 69(2): 243-254. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402008
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    Coastal ports have become a geographic hub between global production chains and local network links under the promotion launched by globalization and world industrial transfer. At the same time, port development evolution affects economic development of hinterland, when promotes the transportation system itself and spatial evolution. Firstly, this paper proposes the conception and connotation of harbor spatial effect from the angle of economic geography. The dynamical structure and forming elements are elaborated from three angles including port's potential energy, port-hinterland gravitation and action passageway. Secondly, the paper establishes the measurement model based on the dynamical structure of harbor spatial effect. Thirdly, the index of harbor spatial effect is calculated with the sample of coastal ports of east China by using the measurement model of harbor spatial effect. The study chooses port throughput, container throughput and foreign trade throughput to show the distribution pattern of transport spatial effect from port alongside the coast to hinterland, while it also chooses the city industry of port, foreign trade and financial indicators to show the distribution pattern of non-transport effect from port alongside the coast to hinterland. Furthermore, compared with the characteristics and differences of different districts, the accuracy and maneuverability of the model is testified. The results indicate that the model can nicely identify port economic spatial effect of different cases in macro-scale. The model has a guiding significance for revealing the location essence of port, comparing the tendency of approaching the port in different districts and describing the space connection of urban region system in port-hinterland city.
  • The impact of metro lines on public transit accessibility and land value capture in Nanjing
    LI Zhi, ZHOU Shenglu, WU Shaohua, DAI Wanying, CHEN Long, LU Ligang
    2014, 69(2): 255-267. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402009
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    This paper takes Nanjing metro Line 1 and Line 2 as an example to construct the urban public transit network, which is used to measure the changes in transit accessibility with multiple indicators. Based on the distinctions between before and after building metro line, this paper provides diverse value added response modes with different land prices capture on the transit accessibility-added of metro, which offers a scientific basis for law inquiry and policy formulation. The results show that the metro enhances the urban public transit accessibility in time costs, sphere of influence, and network morphology and so on. Absolute accessibility increase in the peripheral region is larger than that in the central area, while relative accessibility increase in the center is larger because of "radius trap", which brings about "center expansion & peripheral collapse" pattern change. The change of land price pattern is similar with that of accessibility pattern. Thus, space differentiated external economy comes into being with the effects of metro. Different types of land use have different land value capture modes, for example, commercial land value increase shows a logarithmic response mode, residential land value increase shows an index response mode, while industrial land value increase shows a linear response mode. It is indicated that metro contributes 1/3 to urban land added value, in which the external effect on commercial land is higher than that of residential and industrial land, with a ratio of 2:1:0.3. The result may be beneficial to assess the Nanjing Metro influences on the overall urban land use, and provide the evidence for levying urban land and housing differentiated taxes to compensate the metro economic externality losses.
  • Study on control of tourism commercialization in historic town and village
    BAO Jigang, LIN Minhui
    2014, 69(2): 268-277. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402010
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    This paper analyzes the current commercial status quo in the tourist historic village of Xidi in China by using first-hand data. It compares the number and distribution of business in main streets in Xidi historic village among 2002, 2008 and 2009, and finds that Xidi's tourism commercialization is well controlled. A comparison with the present use of the historic buildings in the main streets in Xidi, Lijiang and Zhouzhuang also shows that Xidi's tourism commercialization is more gentle than that of the other two historic towns. In order to find out the inner logic of tourism commercialization in historic villages, this paper also uses the qualitative method to review the stakeholders' attitudes and actions in the process of tourism commercialization in Xidi historic village. It announces that tourism commercialization can be well controlled by government's forward-looking interventions, and that the local government plays a critical role in the process of controlling the tourism commercialization. Finally, it indicates that the government has the biggest power and the greatest motivation to control commercialization among all of the stakeholders.
  • Study on influencing factors of residents’attitudes towards tourism development of village heritage sites
    WANG Chunyang, Hailin QU
    2014, 69(2): 278-288. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201402011
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    Based on the existing literature, a conceptual model depicting the relationship among community attachment, community concern, community participation, and perception of tourism impacts and attitude towards tourism development was proposed and empirically examined using a case study of Fujian Tulou. The empirical findings revealed that: (a) the perceived economic benefits, the perceived social and cultural benefits, and the perceived environmental benefits significantly and positively influenced residents' attitude towards tourism development, whereas the perceived economic costs significantly and negatively influenced residents' attitude towards tourism development; (b) community attachment had an indirect effect on residents' attitude towards tourism development through the perceived social and cultural benefits as well as environmental benefits; (c) community concern indirectly affected residents' attitude towards tourism development through the perceived economic benefits, the perceived social and cultural benefits and environmental benefits, and had an indirect effect on residents' attitude towards tourism development through the perceived economic costs; (d) community participation had an indirect and positive effect on residents' attitude towards tourism development through the perceived economic, social and cultural, and environmental benefits, and had an indirect and negative effect on residents' attitude through the perceived economic costs; and (e) the influences of the perceived economic, social and cultural, and environmental benefits on residents' attitude were stronger for residents with personal benefits than for residents without personal benefits, while the influences of the perceived economic costs, of the perceived social and cultural costs, and of the perceived environmental costs on residents' attitude were stronger for residents without personal benefits than for residents with personal benefits.