The cognitive process of human beings on the earth is long while at an accelerated speed. The differentiation and intersection of diciplines take place at multiple levels. Unified geo-graphy has been attacked time and again. Nevertheless, its reasonable kernel, geographical Co-mpleh (integrity), does actually exist. This viewpoint has been confirmed by the fact that map and remote sensing act as information carrier. The concept of geo-system reflects the progress of modern science and technology and the needs of society. The geo-information system has pro-vided a modern high technological means for geography to develop its advantages of regiona-lity and integrity.

There are two main problems of degraded land: (1) land degradation; (2) land capability being not rationally utilized. This paper develops and applies three theories of landscape ecology in landscape ecological reconstruction in some degraded land. They are: (1) man should cooperate with nature; (2) the biocybernetic symbiosis; (3) the hierarachical organization of nature. Biological production functions must be combined with ecological protection functions in landscape ecological reconstruction of degraded land. They may reconstruct the complex eco-system of forest, grass and farm land of sandy degraded lands, and construct the sand dams in the longdepressed land between sandy dunce, and according to land types of site, plant some wet-suitable plants such as Hibisczzs cannbinzzs, Elezzsine sp. and Phragmires sp. etc.

It is very .significant to reveal spatial interaction laws in the research of spatial trans-portation linkage. In this paper, the following subjects are discussed deeply: (1) Essential fac-torn of spatial transportation linkage. They could be summed up into five kinds: a. Com-munication passageway; h. Spatial differentiation, Including natural and economic differentia-lions; c. Spatial interdependence and competition; d. Location; e. Regional policies. (2). Goods export and import of provincial region. The results of analysis would reveal the external de-pendence of provincial region that was led by goods exchange. In export and import,, there are obvious spatial setup and great disparity in .,tale. The areal coefficient of centralization are very different. (3). Interregional transportation linkage. A complex interaction network was made up by interprovincial transportation linkage;. In the network, most of the linkages are weak, and its main part is determined by 33 linkages that their goods exchange accounts for 46 percent of the total. The macroregional transportation linkage indicates that the goods exchange among six coordinate economic regions arc very different. Its development tend is significant for the allocation of economy and communication. In addition, the conception of "Primary linkage" is defined and used to test and verify the existing foundation of economic regions.

The systems theory and its general approach rapidly extend into the geomorphology field, changing the knowledge structure and mode of thinking of geomorphologists. So a new grow-ing point-SYSTEMS GEOMORPHOLOGY is more and more revealing with strong vitality.From the point of view of systems and control system theory, it will deal with the feedback me-chanism between landform texture with its material constituents and natural environment and socio-economic environment, thus bringing to light the structure, function, and rule of evolu-tion of geomorphic systems and establishing process-response models for a variety of landscapes formed from area differentiation respectively. It will provide the scientific basis for adopting optimum interfacing of "natural" Physico-ecological and "human" Socio-economic systems ma-ke decision to rational use of natural resource and establish optimum model of regional deve-lopment.

According to the recent research on water resources in the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Provin-ce, the author calculated in detail the actual runoffs of rivers in every district and municipa-lily, and the irrigation requirements and the actual water resources of oases during annual and daily mean temperature≥10℃. Using Zhang Baokun and H. L. Penman's climatological method respectively, the author estimated the evapotranspirations of trees during their growing season everywhere. Compared with the observed and investigated data, the value estimated by the former could be considered as the consumption index of arbor that grows fine and forms fuel forest, the value estimated by the latter could be considered as the consumption index of arbor that grows fine and forms timber forest. The evapotranspiration of bush is 1/3-2/3 as many as that of arbor. Based on the fact that there exit bath nonirrigated desert area and irrigable oasis area, the author suggests the concepts of "natural aridity", "natural wettability", "actual aridity" and "ac-tual wettability", and divides both nonirrigated desert area and irrigable oasis area into vari-ous types of climate and vegetation by virtue of these concepts. The results are relatively coin-cided with their physical landscapes. From the analysis, in the Hexi Corridor the wettability in the arid area is equal to the ratio of plantable arbor or bush area to the total area. According to the natural wettability and the actual wettabili}y, the adaptive faculties of trees and what kinds of trees are suitable to plant in both the nonirrigated area and the irrigable oasis area in the Hexi Corridor are determined respectively.

Based on the data of resources, environment and foundation of production, applied prin-cipal components analysis and cluster analysis,the maritime space of Chang Shan islands are divided into three regions of agricultural-pasturalization: 1. The region of agricultural-pasturalization of the northern part of maritime space of Wang Jia and Shi Cheng islands, The main productions are cultivation of prawn and mullu-scs of seabeach, shallow sea float raft culture of mussel and scallop, and breed of sea cucu-tuber in submarine. 2. The region of agricultural-pasturalization of the middle western part of maritime space of Da Chang Shan, Guang Lu and western part of Xiao Chang Shan islands. The main producti-ons are shallow sea fload raft culture of mussel and scallop, breed of sea cucumber and scallop in submarine, proper development of molluscs of seabeach, and cultivation of prawn and algaes. 3. The region of agricultural-pasturalization of the southeastern part of maritime space of the eastern part of Xiao Chang Shan island, Hai Yang and Zhang Zhi islands. The main productions are shallow sea float raft culture of chlamys farreri gulf scallop development of pattnopecten yessoenis, and breed of abalone, sea cucumber, algaes and fish.

Experiments and simulations for geomorphology are not only a powerful means, but also a closely connected part of goemorphological researches. In this paper, geomorphological ex-periments and main experimental laboratories and field stations are briefly stocktaken. Fluvial geomorphic experimental achievements in China, such as channel pattern bedmaking, influnces of boundary conditions and neotectonic movements on channel patterns, applied fluvial geomor-phology, and experimental theory and technique, etc. are also mentioned. Some limitations in fluvial geomorphic experiments and simulations are indicated. Finally, in the near future, some developing tendencies and suggestions should pay more attention to as following: 1. Be sure to deepen understanding about geomorphic experiments in theoritical studies and practices. 2. Putting focus on overall important, multivariable influnces and effectives of global climatic change in fluvial geomorphology, etc. 3. Establishment for data base about fluvial geomorphological experiments. 4. Developing experimental theory level and improving automatic measuring system. 5. Developing combination of physical nuodelling with mathematical simulation. 6. Orgnizing special committee, e.g. Geomorphic Experiment Group, and widely executing scientific exchange at home and abroad.

This paper not only discusses the conditions of the spatial economic equilibrium, including production, consumption, resources allocation in space and regional disparities, but also makes some systemic economic models to allocate resources optionally in space and to set prices of merchandises and resources theoretically. According to the principle of multi-hierarchy con-trol of large-scale systemic theory, our economic society is divided into five parts: 1) consump- tion system, 2) production system, 3) system of resources allocation, 4) triffic system, and 5) coordination layer. These models expound profoundly the relations among production, con- sumption, resources allocation in space and regional disparities, which can also be regarded as a model of location theory.

National Agricultural Atlas of the Peopleoes Republic of China is one of the volumes of National Atlas and published in 1990. This atlas comprehensively, systematically and accura-tely reflects the basic conditions of china's agricultural production and distribution on the basis of a wealth of data and research achievements. It is not only an important reference for the national overall plan and agricultural production, but also a basic guide for the scientific research and education.

A dynamic simulating model of land desertification in the Naiman Banner, Inner Mon-golia was established by means of system dynamic theory. The land desertification system in the Naiman Banner consists of five subsystems, i.e., farming, forestry, animal husbandry, gras-sland and population. According to positive-negative feedback relations in the land desertifica-tion, 75 equations were built and carried out schematic prediction with IBM PC/XT com-puter by using Micro-Dynamo language. With farming, forestry and animal husbandry form-ing three different landuse schemes, the desertification developmental trends in the banner up to 2040 were predicted. Predictions showed that the best landuse structures for farming, for-estry and animal husbandry in the banner will be 15: 23: 62 in 2000; 16: 31: 53 in 2020 and 18: 44: 38 in 2040. Such a dynamic change of landuse structure will effectively control the d}sertification process and gain the best economic and ecological benefits.

Any improvement in transport facilities would shorten actual distance between geographical entities, this is used to be thought as a great help to regional development However, the spatial processes of transport development—distance reduction-industrial relocation may have distinctively different effects on regional development of different regions.

This paper applies geographical and physical laws to discuss that the "geogra-phical axiom", shown in On the Logic Methods and Basic Laws of Geography (Acta Geograplzica Sinica, 43(3))，doesn't hold water. It further expounds that a axiom system isn't suit for geography, and that experience supposions are imperative.

The coefficient of atmospheric turbulent exchange is an important factor which affects the climate near the surface and the soil climate. Due to the difficuky of observation, the study of the effects of shelterbelt on the vertical structure of the coefficient of atmospheric turbulent ex-change has been scarcely carried out, In this paper, we try to simulate numerically the ef-fects based on the dynamic and thermaldynamic equations in the constant flux layer, and obtain the satisfied results.

Three problems of the studies on the Changjiang River Estuary-delta are discussed. The first involves the sediment supplies and development processes of the ancient beach-ridge plain in the southern side of recent Changjiang River Delta. The second deals with the origin of the Taihu Lale depression and the third is concerned with the stages and the differences of the development in the Changjiang River Estuary-Delta during the last 6000 years.

If a nodel point exist in a nodal region,, there is a link figure through two or more delta-shaped regions.

The process of China's industrialization has been involved in two changes of industrial structure, which were the preferential development of heavy industry from 1949 to 1978 fol-lowed by extremely rapid expansion of processing industry, particularly in the light industry during the past 10 years of reformation.

This paper inquires into the potential productivity of agriculture and animal husbandry on the lands suitable to farming and animal husbandry in the Yellow River Delta.

The climation Variation is obviously in dry-warming trends since little Ice Age in the middle sector of Tianshan and the eastern sector of Qilianshan.

The authors set about the study on the basis of dynamic mechanism to analyse the inner structure, the function of the joints, the dynamic axis wave model, the effect of upper and lo-wer courses in the braided pattern of the lower reaches of the Chang Jiang (Yangzi River).

Yang C.T. introduced the concept of the theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation to the study of natural strean systems.

For the porpose of studying the relationship between Abies pollen rain and its plant, surface samples were picked up from inside and outside of the Abies fragesii forest in the Shennoniia Mt., named Dashennongiia.

The tidal creek systems are the most noticeable landform of tidal mud flat and have their unique feature in hydrodynamics and sedimentology.

In order to clarify the effect of solar radiation on the intensity of urban heat island, we survey the daily data in the year of 1984 of Xinzhuang(rural) and Longhua(urban) and use 154 days as regression samples.

From 1986 to 1988, in the tea garden of the low hill of Southern Anhui, 9 468 indimdual faunas were collected.

This paper deals with the volcanoes and lava geomorphology, characteristics and sources of loesses deposits, as well as lacustrine and lake-levels fluctuation in Ashikule Basin.

The system dynamic model in Laizhou social-economic development has been set up.

This study demostrates mineralogically and chemically possible reasons of decrease of rates of basalt weathering of northern North China with time.

Based on the research carried out by the author for many years, the opinion about the desertization of arid, semi-arid and some semi-humid areas in the north zone of China is given in paper.

There is mounting evidence that increasing amount of man-induced atmospheric carbon dioxide may lead to significant change in global climate during next century.

Scholars have adopted different focii for the analysis of industrial change. This sandy at-tempts to combine a regional approach with the approach adopted by geography of enterprise in order to overcome the limitations of usinb either approach alone.

In this paper, the authors first discussed the strategical significance of King George 1sland area according to its influence of geographical environment, especially climate and resources on aviation, navigation and expedition.

From June to August 1989, we investigated soil animal in 9 types of landscape in Jilin Province.

As a problem of the degredation of ecotope in the arid areas of inland, the salinization of water quality is as serious as the desertification and salinization of soil. Before 1958, Tarim River was a freshwater river with the general minieralization rate lower than 1 g/1.

Climate is one of the important research subject nowdays. In order to predict the change of climate henceforth, the recovery and rebuilding of ancient climate is a quite important re-search task.

The Xinghua Plain lies in the eastern section of Fujian Province, with an area of some 464 square kilometres and about 3-7 metres abouve sea leve (Fig. 1).

In 1988, some plant-bearing calcic sinter were discovered and collected by the Scientific Expedition of Chinese Academy of Sciences to the Karakulun-Kunlun Mts. at 4600 m. on the northern slope of middle Kunlun Mts. Its age is estimated to be from cene to early Pleistocene.

The author has analysed the influence of water level change amplitude in determining the relative heights of Changjiang (Yangtze) Kiver terraces in the Sanxia Gorge (Three Gerges) area, and has canceled this effect in neotectonics analysis.

Combining "establishing the system in geographical science" proposed by Mr. Qian Xue-sen, This paper advocates regarding current big scientific thought as the starting point of re-searching the developmental problem of contemportary geography, and puts forward that thought of developing "big geography" regarding the big science as consult frame.

The approaches for studying channel pattern used by various investigators have been classi-fied according to their theoretical basis in this paper, such as hypothesis on geomorphic thre-sholds, extremal hypothesis on energy dissipation rate, theory of stability, theory of stochastic analysis and method of statistic analysis.