Based on three-dimensional urban building data of 2003 and 2013 in Zhongshan District of Dalian, this paper selects the three-dimensional landscape index, and uses ArcGIS spatial analysis method to study the spatial and temporal differentiation of urban architectural landscape pattern in 10 years. The results showed that: (1) The weighted average height and volume of buildings in Zhongshan District increased by 7.87 m and 277.25×10⁴ m³, respectively. The block coverage ratio decreased by 16.27% and the floor area ratio increased by 20.67%, reflecting the contraction and expansion of urban horizontal and vertical space respectively. (2) The fluctuation of urban skyline in Zhongshan District is obvious. The east-west direction is gradually increasing, and the south-north direction is "A peak in the north, while a gentle pattern in the middle and the south". Urban high-rise buildings are mainly concentrated in the northwest of the city, and Zhongxinyujing Building, the highest point in 2013, is 140 m higher than Hongjin Building in 2003. (3) There exist significant spatial differences of building coverage and floor area ratio. Low and very low land coverage rate and floor area ratio of large proportion increased by 8.3% and -4.33%; high and very high coverage and floor area ratio accounted for a small proportion, which was concentrated in the Qingniwaqiao Street and Renminlu Street. (4) The spatial distribution of the ultra-tall buildings was in an aggregated-discrete state in 2003, that is, aggregated in the range of 660 m, and discrete distributed over 660 m, and the other three types of buildings have a certain aggregation in space. In terms of spatial distribution, the four types of buildings was in a certain aggregation state in 2013, and the degree of aggregation was ultra-tall buildings > low-rise buildings > multistory buildings > high-rise buildings.

Urbanization is an inevitable way for China's modernization and the long-term national policy making of sustainable economic development. In the context of global change, some scientific issues, such as the influences of climate change on the development of urbanization, the response mechanism and adaptation model to the climate change in the rapidly urbanized region and the strategies for sustainable development of urbanization, have not been responded. Thus, this paper analyzes the scientific problems of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta, a rapidly urbanized region in China, under the background of the global change. Firstly, we briefly review the progress of the research on the response of urbanization to the global change, and then based on the relevant research results we aim to focus on some problems in the urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta under the background of global change. Furthermore, from the perspective of environmental archaeology we mainly discuss the evolution of the relationship between regional climate change and urbanization development in the Yangtze River Delta. We analyze the impacts of global warming, extreme climate and human activities on the development of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta based on the historical data of disasters and environmental problems. We think that, in the process of urbanization, the human and economic geography research should be strengthened. Finally, some priority research areas related to urbanization in this delta region are suggested.

Although informal economy has become important urban landscape in contemporary China, there are fewer quantitative studies on its spatial structure from the perspective of macroscopic scale. Therefore, the feasibility and necessity of vending zones are still full of controversy. To fill in this research gap, the thesis used point data of street vendors and formal commerce in 2010, which respectively came from digital urban municipal management system and industrial and commercial bureau registration system of Chaoyang District in Beijing. Via DO Index and M Function, this research mainly probed into the spatial structure of street vending and its spatial relationship with formal commerce separately. According to empirical analysis, firstly, this paper found that most vending types and their occupied areas presented a pattern of significant agglomeration. Furthermore, the vending type which had close relationship with residents' demand showed less agglomeration degree. Secondly, compared with the spatial structure of formal commerce, street vending agglomerated more intensely in a tiny scale. Concretely, street vendors, as a whole, reached the peak extent of agglomeration at only approximately 250 to 300 meters. However, the extent of their agglomeration declined dramatically when spatial scale magnified. Thirdly, street vending and formal commerce which provided similar commodity or service had not shown significant co-located spatial relationship, but there existed evident co-dispersion with each other. What's more, the extent of co-dispersion would be stronger in a smaller spatial scale. In conclusion, although street vending presented strong mobility, it had a stable spatial pattern. Thus this research demonstrated the feasibility and necessity of setting inclusive vending zones, and proposed elementary policy suggestion of its principle and types. For example, the government could introduce flexible and fixed vending zones in order to satisfy different demands of various vendors. Furthermore, the area need not be enlarged and would give preference to the area with limited formal commerce supply.

Although residents' spatial choice and its influencing factors of consumer behavior are traditional research topics in human geography. The existing literatures have paid little attention to temporal choice, decision-making process and the relationship between space and time. To reveal the spatio-temporal characteristics, influencing factors and their internal mechanism of interaction of consumer behavior, the spatio-temporal characteristics of consumer behavior in retailing centers have been analyzed based on Guangzhou residents' consumption survey data in 2016. An influencing factor structural equation modeling of consumer spatio-temporal behavior in Guangzhou retailing centers has been established to analyze their influencing factors and mechanism of consumer behavior, such as time, duration, travel distance and activity radius. The results are shown as follows. (1) There are obvious spatio-temporal differences in consumer behavior when residents are going to and in retailing centers. (2) By affecting consumer preferences, residents' social and economic attributes lead to the differences among consumers' spatial and temporal behavior. But residents' social and economic attributes do not affect consumers' assessment on commercial space attributes. Commercial space attributes can not only directly affect the consumers' spatial and temporal behavior, but also indirectly affect it by influencing consumer preferences. Consumer preference can directly affect the consumers' spatial and temporal behavior, and it can be the media of residents' social and economic attributes and commercial space attributes to influence the consumers' spatial and temporal behavior. (3) Among all residents' social and economic attributes, age, family structure, living time in Guangzhou, employment status, and family's month-earning significantly affect the consumers' spatial and temporal behavior. Every observed variable in commercial space attribute influences the consumers' spatial and temporal behavior to different degrees. Only two observed variables (travel traffic mode and travel time) in consumer preferences have significantly impacts on the consumers' spatial and temporal behavior. The conclusions of this paper can deepen the understanding of the influencing factors and mechanism of consumer behavior in retailing centers, give advice to local governments about commercial network planning and guide the transformation and upgrading of retailing center.

Spatial differentiation of urban housing prices is the marketization expression of the non-equilibrium allocation of residential space resources, which reflects the contrast between social groups belonging to different social classes in selection preference and demand for housing. There is a certain degree of correlational coupling between urban housing prices' spatial differentiation and residential spatial differentiation with respect to the mechanism and the pattern. The paper chooses 1204 commercial housing communities in Nanjing's urban center as its research object and constructs a characteristic variable index system of housing prices. The GWR model is used to analyze major factors that lead to spatial differentiation in housing prices, as well as their combination relationship and spatial-temporal dynamics. Results demonstrate that: (1) there are various factors affecting housing prices, their subsequent spatial differentiation, and they are likely to evolve over time. The dominant factors are the level of the community, school district resources, quality of the landscape, access to leisure facilities, and so on. These may mainly reflect housing consumers' earning capacity, values, residential environment demands, life style and cultural tastes. (2) The pattern of housing prices in Nanjing generally shows the spatial pattern of "circle + fan-shaped + enclave". High priced housing mainly includes new apartments and gated communities in the inner city, communities in elite primary and secondary school districts, high-grade gated communities close to the Ming City Wall, housing in the center of Hexi New Town, and landscaped villas in the urban periphery. (3) Differing types and strata of housing communities attract and gather consumer groups with specific economic and social attributes, which makes housing price differentiation notable correlational coupling with residential differentiation in acting mechanisms and spatial patterns. As the degree of urban housing marketization is continuously deepening and the cultural characteristics and residential preference of social classes become increasingly mature, the spatial differentiation of urban housing prices is more than just an expression. It is also an important driving mechanism to promote residential spatial differentiation and re-differentiation, and can also predict basic trends pertaining to urban residential spatial differentiation in the future. Therefore, the spatial differentiation of urban housing prices can provide a prospective observational and analytical tool for the study of urban social space. It can further make up the time-lag defect which arises in traditional social space research using census data, as well as helps to predict and identify future trends regarding urban social spatial differentiation.