A systematic review of centenary studies on natural resources and environmental carrying capacity
Received date: 2022-08-22
Revised date: 2023-10-17
Online published: 2023-11-29
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001131)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630644)
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0406)
Carrying capacity, a concept entrenched in the natural resources and environmental field for nearly two centuries, has continually evolved to address the conflicts and sustainability of the human-nature relationship. This paper introduces an analytical framework for understanding carrying capacity within the context of the human-nature relationship. It systematically reviews the progression of international carrying capacity studies, analyzes global research trends, and compares these with Chinese studies, highlighting key research directions in China. Historically, carrying capacity traces its roots to (neo)Malthusian theories. Its evolution spans four distinct stages: resource carrying capacity (since the 1800s), environmental carrying capacity (since the 1970s), ecosystem carrying capacity (since the 1990s), and natural system carrying capacity (since the 2010s). The concept of carrying capacity varies widely across global disciplines and even within the same discipline, showcasing diverse applications. Carrying capacity has sparked controversy due to its connection to political economy theories and factors such as technological progress, market mechanisms, and spatial and temporal constraints. Therefore, it is imperative to engage in a restrained and explicit discussion and application of carrying capacity. Presently, China's carrying capacity studies align closely with the international community, capitalizing on regional-scale studies employing a holistic and systematic human-nature relationship approach. However, there is an opportunity for enhancement in terms of global-scale perspectives and the integration of natural and social sciences theories and methodologies. This paper proposes fostering innovation and application in carrying capacity research within the Chinese context. This entails integrating various disciplines and theories, exploring scale effects and mechanisms, utilizing model-data fusion and integration, applying case studies in various spatial units and typical zone types, and improving policy systems and institutions.
WANG Yafei , FAN Jie . A systematic review of centenary studies on natural resources and environmental carrying capacity[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023 , 78(11) : 2676 -2693 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202311003
表1 国外资源环境承载能力研究的不同阶段特征Tab. 1 Characteristics of the different stages of international studies on natural resources and environmental carrying capacity |
特征 | 资源承载能力研究 | 环境承载能力研究 | 生态系统承载能力研究 | 自然系统承载能力研究 |
---|---|---|---|---|
开始时间 | 19世纪 | 20世纪70年代 | 20世纪90年代 | 21世纪10年代 |
历史背景 | 英国工业革命:资源短缺 | 《寂静的春天》:环境污染等 | 全球气候变化:极端天气、干旱等 | 全球危机:粮食危机、金融危机等 |
主要矛盾 | 人口增长与资源供给矛盾 | 经济增长与环境污染矛盾 | 人类活动与生态退化矛盾 | 人类发展与自然系统 不稳定运行矛盾 |
可持续性指向 | 资源可持续 | 资源与环境可持续 | 生态系统可持续 | 人地耦合系统可持续 |
核心内涵 | 人口(物种)增长的资源供给能力 | 经济增长的环境极限与系统崩溃 | 生态系统韧性、多重稳态与临界点 | 自然系统与人类福祉安全运行边界、杠杆点 |
主要承载体 | 单要素:资源类 | 多要素:资源类、环境类 | 多要素:资源类、环境类、生态类 | 自然系统综合要素 |
承载对象 | 人口 | 人口与经济 | 人类干扰 | 人类福祉 |
代表性成果 | 《人口论》 | 《增长的极限》 | 盖亚理论、韧性框架 | 地球边界框架 |
主导国际组织机构(人物) | 马尔萨斯 | 罗马俱乐部等 | Holling等 | 斯德哥尔摩韧性中心等 |
主要进展 | 逻辑斯蒂方程 | 世界模型 | 生态足迹、韧性等 | 地球边界、安全公正 空间 |
新兴学科 | 古典经济学、资源科学等 | 环境科学、生态经济学等 | 应用生态学、人类生态学等 | 地球系统科学、可持续性科学 |
空间尺度 | 区域 | 全球与国家 | 全球、全球公域 | 全球—国家—区域 |
国际科学计划 | - | 人与生物圈计划(MAB) | 国际地圈—生物圈计划(IGBP) | “未来地球”计划(Earth Future) |
标志性国际会议 | - | 1972年瑞典斯德哥尔摩联合国人类环境会议(UNCED) | 1987年布伦特兰委员会UNCED、1992年地球高峰会议 | 2012年“里约+20”联合国可持续发展大会 |
政策呼吁 | 减少人口和消费 | 降低经济和人口增长 | 可持续发展与韧性管理等 | 多层次的新机构和政策机制等 |
国家留学基金委资助访问学者项目,瑞典隆德大学可持续性研究中心(LUCSUS)创始主任Lennart Olsson在论文修改过程中给予帮助,廖锦峰、何垚、叶宇轩3位研究生协助文献校对与多次校稿,期刊编辑与3位审稿人均提出诸多有价值的建议,在此一并表示感谢。
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
Editorial. On growth and the form of limits. Nature Sustainability, 2022, 5: 553. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-022-00941-5.
|
[8] |
[陈百明. 中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量研究. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 1992.]
|
[9] |
[龙腾锐, 姜文超. 水资源(环境)承载力的研究进展. 水科学进展, 2003, 14(2): 249-253.]
|
[10] |
[贾学秀, 严岩, 朱春雁, 等. 区域水资源压力分析评价方法综述. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(10): 1783-1791.]
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
[赵东升, 郭彩贇, 郑度, 等. 生态承载力研究进展. 生态学报, 2019, 39(2): 399-410.]
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
[刘东霞, 张兵兵, 卢欣石. 草地生态承载力研究进展及展望. 中国草地学报, 2007, 29(1): 91-97.]
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
[封志明, 李鹏. 承载力概念的源起与发展: 基于资源环境视角的讨论. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(9): 1475-1489.]
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
[樊杰. 国家汶川地震灾后重建规划资源环境承载能力评价. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.]
|
[27] |
[樊杰, 王亚飞, 汤青, 等. 全国资源环境承载能力监测预警(2014版)学术思路与总体技术流程. 地理科学, 2015, 35(1):1-10.]
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
[傅伯杰. 地理学: 从知识、科学到决策. 地理学报, 2017, 72(11): 1923-1932.]
|
[30] |
[吴传钧. 论地理学的研究核心: 人地关系地域系统. 经济地理, 1991, 11(3): 1-6.]
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
[樊杰. 人地系统可持续过程、格局的前沿探索. 地理学报, 2014, 69(8): 1060-1068.]
|
[35] |
[王亚飞, 樊杰, 周侃. 基于“双评价”集成的国土空间地域功能优化分区. 地理研究, 2019, 38(10): 2415-2429.]
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
|
[39] |
|
[40] |
[樊杰, 周侃, 王亚飞. 全国资源环境承载能力预警(2016版)的基点和技术方法进展. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(3): 266-276.]
|
[41] |
[王亚飞, 郭锐, 樊杰. 国土空间结构演变解析与主体功能区格局优化思路. 中国科学院院刊, 2020, 35(7): 855-866.]
|
[42] |
|
[43] |
[
|
[44] |
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
|
[47] |
|
[48] |
|
[49] |
|
[50] |
|
[51] |
|
[52] |
|
[53] |
|
[54] |
|
[55] |
|
[56] |
|
[57] |
|
[58] |
|
[59] |
|
[60] |
|
[61] |
|
[62] |
|
[63] |
|
[64] |
|
[65] |
|
[66] |
|
[67] |
|
[68] |
|
[69] |
|
[70] |
|
[71] |
|
[72] |
|
[73] |
|
[74] |
|
[75] |
|
[76] |
|
[77] |
|
[78] |
|
[79] |
|
[80] |
|
[81] |
|
[82] |
|
[83] |
|
[84] |
|
[85] |
|
[86] |
|
[87] |
|
[88] |
|
[89] |
|
[90] |
|
[91] |
|
[92] |
|
[93] |
|
[94] |
|
[95] |
The World Economic Forum Water Initiative. Water Security: The Water-Food- Energy-Climate Nexus:The World Economic Forum Water Initiative. Washington DC: Island Press, 2011.
|
[96] |
|
[97] |
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNECE. Reconciling resource uses in transboundary basins: Assessment of the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE),Geneva, Switzerland, 2015.
|
[98] |
|
[99] |
|
[100] |
|
[101] |
[张印堂. 中国人口问题之严重. 地理学报, 1934, 1(1): 75-91.]
|
[102] |
[陈长蘅. 商榷我国土地与人口问题之初步比较研究及国民经济建设之政策. 地理学报, 1935, 2(4): 23-66.]
|
[103] |
[樊杰. 中国主体功能区划方案. 地理学报, 2015, 70(2): 186-201.]
|
[104] |
General Office of the CPC Central Committee, General Office of the State Council. Several opinions on the establishment of a long-term mechanism for monitoring and early warning of resource and environmental carrying capacity. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-09/20/content_5226466.htm, 2017-9-20.
中共中央办公厅, 国务院办公厅. 关于建立资源环境承载能力监测预警长效机制的若干意见. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-09/20/content_5226466.htm, 2017-9-20.
|
[105] |
Ministry of Natural Resources of PRC. Guidelines for the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and environment and the suitability of territorial space development (trial). http://gi.mnr.gov.cn/202001/t20200121_2498502.html, 2020-01-19.
[自然资源部. 资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价指南(试行). http://gi.mnr.gov.cn/202001/t20200121_2498502.html, 2020-01-19.
|
[106] |
|
[107] |
|
[108] |
|
[109] |
|
[110] |
|
[111] |
|
[112] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |