Pattern evolution and optimal paths of county urbanization in China
Received date: 2022-05-28
Revised date: 2022-11-24
Online published: 2022-12-29
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41931293)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171193)
The orderly development of county urbanization, as an effective driving force for the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the new era, promotes the interaction and flow of elements between urban and rural territorial system, the optimization and adjustment of industrial structures, the optimal allocation of resources and markets, and the organic integration of urban and rural territorial system. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the county urbanization in China developed rapidly, and the regional differences in spatial and temporal dynamics were significant. The county urbanization rate in the eastern coastal, central suburbs and northern border areas was high, while it is low in southwest China, rural areas of the central region and most parts of Tibet and Xinjiang. In 2020, to the east of the Hu Huanyong Line, the northeastern region, northern Hebei, Shanxi-Shaanxi-Henan region, eastern Sichuan, and Yunnan-Guizhou region became high-value areas for urbanization rates at the county level. There are 716 counties with urbanization rates exceeding 50%, including the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Chengdu-Chongqing region, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the border areas of Inner Mongolia, and the southeastern coastal areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian, accounting for 38.3% of the country's total. (2) The county urbanization in China is the result of the combined effects of factors such as population, economy, society, and culture. The level of economic development, natural environment conditions, infrastructure construction, geographic locations, public resource supply, professional entrepreneurial clusters, and macro policies affect the direction, scope and depth of county urbanization. It is predicted that by 2035, the urbanization rate of China will reach about 76.04%, and that of counties will be about 64.38%. In the future, we should strengthen the adjustment and optimization of county population, economy, society and spatial organizational structure. (3) There are five types of county urbanization in China, including factor agglomeration urbanization in counties around big cities, industrial agglomeration-driven urbanization in counties with specialized function, agricultural modernization-led urbanization in counties with main agricultural production areas, ecological conservation urbanization in counties with ecological function areas, and concentrated urbanization in counties with population loss. (4) County urbanization takes county and key towns as important spatial carriers for the agglomeration of urbanization elements, and forms a multi-level system of residence-industry and industry-city coordination. The rational spatial distribution of factors such as the development of industrial integration and population resources will further promote the interactive flow of urban and rural elements, the integration of urban and rural industries, the equalization of urban and rural residents, and the equalization of urban and rural infrastructure, and enhance urban-rural integration and network development.
LIU Yansui , YANG Ren , LIN Yuancheng . Pattern evolution and optimal paths of county urbanization in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022 , 77(12) : 2937 -2953 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202212001
图2 2000—2020年中国县域城镇化率的年均变化空间分布注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站审图号为GS(2020)4630号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。 Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of the annual change of the county urbanization rate in China from 2000 to 2020 |
图4 中国县域城镇化影响因素的地理加权回归注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站审图号为GS(2020)4630号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。 Fig. 4 The geographically weighted regression of influencing factors of county urbanization in China |
表1 中国县域城镇化发展类型及策略Tab. 1 Types and strategies of county urbanization development in China |
发展类型 | 发展策略与模式 | 典型区域 |
---|---|---|
大城市周边县域要素集聚型城镇化 | 承接大城市及城市群人口、产业转移和功能耦合,形成与大城市在要素配置、结构优化与功能配套互补的卫星县城,实现就地城镇化、就近园区化 | 珠三角地区、长三角地区、京津冀地区、成渝都市圈、长江中下游地区等 |
专业功能县域产业集聚带动型城镇化 | 发挥地方特色产业、资源禀赋和交通区位等综合优势,强化产业集群发展与就业人口吸纳能力,重点建设具有制造优势、人口—产业集聚的专业化县城 | 东部沿海地区、中部及西部主要中心城市周边地区,以及资源型县市等 |
农产品主产区县域农业现代化引领型城镇化 | 延长农业产业链、价值链,强化农业与加工业、服务业融合,有效吸纳县域农业从业人口,促成以农产品为支撑的现代化产业体系与市场体系 | 东北平原地区、黄淮海平原地区、长江流域地区、河套平原地区、甘肃及新疆部分地区等 |
重点生态功能区县域生态保育型城镇化 | 引导生态敏感区超载人口向县城转移,大力发展县域绿色产业、清洁生产与环保产业,促进生态安全屏障建设和生态产业化发展 | 青藏高原地区、西北干旱及半干旱地区、西南喀斯特地区、黄土高原丘陵沟壑区、陕晋豫黄河“金三角”等 |
人口流失县域异地转移集中型城镇化 | 合理利用建设用地,盘活城镇建设用地存量和优化配置增量,促进人口及公共服务设施的区域转移与片区化集中,实现人地协调、居业协同与社会融入 | 东北地区、长江中游地区、华北地区、西南地区、西北地区等 |
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