Evolution process and mechanism of rural gentrification based on actor-network theory: A case study of Panyang River Basin of Bama County, Guangxi
Received date: 2021-08-18
Request revised date: 2022-01-25
Online published: 2022-06-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.42001205, No.41971224](42001205)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.42001205, No.41971224](41971224)
Copyright
Rural gentrification is a new path for rural transformation and revitalization under the background of two-way flow of urban and rural elements. This paper analyzes the evolution process, type and mechanism of rural gentrification based on actor-network theory (ANT) based on a diachronic field survey of rural gentrification in the Panyang River Basin of Bama County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The following results were obtained. (1) The evolution of rural gentrification is a dynamic actor-network jointly established by human and non-human actors, "grass-roots" actors and institutional actors. The evolution of rural gentrification has experienced a transition from initial to development stage, which has brought a series of changes. The key actors are replaced from the "amenity immigrants" pioneer and local elites to local governments and investment developers, while the OPP (obligatory passage point) has changed from "developing 'migratory bird' tourism and building a longevity village" to "developing comprehensive health industry and building a global longevity town". The path succession of rural gentrification changes from "grass-roots" gentrification to institutional gentrification with the replacement of key actors from "amenity immigrants" pioneers, and the rural gentrified industry has changed from receiving amenity migrants and developing tourism to the integrated development of comprehensive health industry. The gentrification type has evolved from "amenity immigration oriented" to "tourism oriented" and "real estate oriented", and finally formed a mixed rural gentrification pattern of "multiple types in one place". (2) Factors such as the replacement of key actors along with their roles and functions, the path succession of rural gentrification, the replacement and integrated development of leading industry, China's macro rural development system, as well as the regional natural and cultural environment, which jointly affect the stage succession and type symbiosis of rural gentrification. The replacement of key actors along with their roles and functions transformation dominates the stage succession of rural gentrification, while the path succession of rural gentrification as well as the replacement and integrated development of leading industry, which jointly promotes the evolution type of rural gentrification, is the general mechanism of rural gentrification evolution. At present, China's rural macro development strategy (Beautiful Countryside Construction, Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization) and basic institutional arrangements (rural land collective ownership, homestead system, and regional development dominated by the local government) as well as the regional natural and cultural environment (unique healthy geographical environment, and "migratory immigrants" healthy geographical dependence, combined with the actors' power balance under the comprehensive action comprised by "Bama complex", the Zhuang clan power and the rural nostalgia) shapes the symbiotic characteristics of evolution type, which is the regional mechanism of rural gentrification evolution. (3) Actor-network theory (ANT) is a conducive method to show the stage succession context and symbiotic characteristics of evolution type, and reveal the general mechanism and regional mechanism of rural gentrification evolution.
TAN Huayun , ZHOU Guohua . Evolution process and mechanism of rural gentrification based on actor-network theory: A case study of Panyang River Basin of Bama County, Guangxi[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022 , 77(4) : 869 -887 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202204007
表1 访谈对象与访谈重点Tab. 1 The interviewees and key points of interview contents |
访谈对象 | 人数(人) | 访谈重点 |
---|---|---|
“候鸟人” | 24 | “候鸟人”健康状况与旅游动机,日常生活与社会融入,乡村社会空间变迁,重访及推介意愿 |
“候鸟人”组织负责人 | 4 | “候鸟人”概况,“候鸟人”公益组织运营,乡村社会空间变迁 |
基层政府、县市政府 | 13 | 巴马旅游发展历程,“候鸟旅游”,大健康产业发展,乡村社会空间变迁,乡村发展 |
屯社精英、屯民 | 10 | 乡村生计,乡村生活质量,“候鸟旅游”对日常生活的影响,主客关系,邻里生活,人地情感 |
投资开发商 | 3 | 项目开发、投资与运营,与当地政府、社区的关系 |
经营户 | 5 | 经营业态,消费构成,“候鸟旅游”发展现状与趋势 |
大众游客 | 10 | 巴马印象,康养体验,重游及推介意愿 |
Tab. 2 The process of rural gentrification and the corresponding type characteristics |
阶段 | 类型 | 主导力量 | 发生路径 | 产业领域 | 主要表征 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
形成 | 舒适移民 绅士化 | 舒适移民, 屯社精英 | 自下而上 草根绅士化 | 住宅开发带动的“候鸟 人”生活消费 | 混杂嵌入、多散点状的绅士化物质景观空间;人口结构、地方文化与治理日趋“候鸟人化” |
发展 | 旅游绅士化 | 地方政府, 投资开发商 | 自上而下 机构绅士化 | 旅游业带动的康养产业 | 新建的飞地式、团块状的绅士化物质空间;人口结构、地方文化与治理的变迁更为广深 |
地产绅士化 | 地产带动的大健康产业 |
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