Spatial differentiation of urban housing prices in integrated region of Yangtze River Delta
Received date: 2019-03-25
Request revised date: 2020-05-20
Online published: 2020-12-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771184)
Copyright
Since the market-oriented reform of the housing system, China's urban housing prices have risen rapidly, and regional differentiation intensifies. Although the Chinese government has repeatedly emphasized that "housing is for living, not for speculation" the trend of rising prices in cities has not been suppressed, and the spatial differentiation of regional urban housing prices has become highlighted. Spatial differentiation of housing prices is a comprehensive reflection of the urban development gap, or a materialized expression of the differences in urban resource allocation abilities. Taking the integrated region of the Yangtze River Delta as an example, and based on the average urban housing price data of prefecture-level cities, districts, and counties between 2008 and 2018 provided by China Housing Prices, we found that the housing prices experienced three stages, namely, "fast growth", "relatively stable", and "faster growth". When the prices grew, the gap of prices between cities, especially between districts and counties, also grew, that is, integrated development did not bring about the convergence of regional housing prices. The housing prices in core and central cities, like Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou, grew more quickly, and the gaps between Zhejiang/Southern Jiangsu and Anhui/Northern Jiangsu became more obvious. Similarly, there was a huge gap in the housing prices of different districts and counties in a city. Out of consideration for reducing data error and raising analytical accuracy, and based on clarifying the pattern of spatial differentiation of urban housing prices, this paper mainly takes district and county as analysis units, and discusses the growth of housing prices in different types of districts and counties. According to the characteristics of housing price growth, city level, and location, this paper divides the 327 districts and counties of the Yangtze River Delta into six types: urban areas of core cities, urban areas of central cities, urban areas of developed cities, urban areas of other cities, counties and cities in the core circle, and counties and cities in the peripheral regions. It also discovers that, in the process of regional integration, resources flow more quickly, and high-end elements gather towards a small number of superstar cities. This means that the integrated region presents a faster price growth, a larger gap between core-edge housing prices, and the stronger convergence of similar city clubs. On this basis, we identify the mutual feedback effect of the urban economic and social differences in the integrated region, the flow of resource elements like industry and population, and the spatial differentiation of urban housing prices. The increased difference in regional housing prices will result in the forced upgrade of industries in cities with high housing prices, the loss of low-end manufacturing posts, and the concentration of social wealth to "superstar cities". Finally, in combination with the requirement for high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the judgment on the rationality of regional urban housing price differentiation, this paper proposes pertinent suggestions to the adjustment and control of urban housing prices.
SONG Weixuan , CHEN Yanru , SUN Jie , HE Miao . Spatial differentiation of urban housing prices in integrated region of Yangtze River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020 , 75(10) : 2109 -2125 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202010006
表1 2008—2018年长三角城市房价泰尔指数与贡献率变化Tab. 1 Theil indexes and contribution rate of housing price in the Yangtze River Delta from 2008 to 2018 |
| 年份 | 城市尺度 | 区县尺度 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 整体指数 | 贡献率(%) | 整体指数 | 贡献率(%) | |||
| 省域间 | 省域内(城市间) | 城市间 | 城市内 | |||
| 2008 | 0.0688 | 48.41 | 51.59 | 0.0970 | 81.52 | 18.48 |
| 2009 | 0.0695 | 51.67 | 48.33 | 0.0888 | 79.50 | 20.50 |
| 2010 | 0.0759 | 53.49 | 46.51 | 0.1054 | 79.96 | 20.04 |
| 2011 | 0.0702 | 57.27 | 42.73 | 0.0985 | 77.86 | 22.14 |
| 2012 | 0.0572 | 59.78 | 40.22 | 0.0906 | 77.69 | 22.31 |
| 2013 | 0.0587 | 58.17 | 41.83 | 0.0954 | 79.06 | 20.94 |
| 2014 | 0.0612 | 53.04 | 46.96 | 0.1022 | 80.51 | 19.49 |
| 2015 | 0.0651 | 49.50 | 50.50 | 0.1121 | 81.39 | 18.61 |
| 2016 | 0.0814 | 38.74 | 61.26 | 0.1475 | 83.69 | 16.31 |
| 2017 | 0.0789 | 36.49 | 63.51 | 0.1479 | 84.48 | 15.52 |
| 2018 | 0.0714 | 42.67 | 57.33 | 0.1286 | 82.25 | 17.75 |
注:因上海属省级直辖市,计算城市尺度泰尔指数的省域间和省域内贡献率时,采用将上海市并入浙江省的方式处理。 |
表2 基于房价及增长特征划分的长三角6类区县属性Tab. 2 Attributes of six types of districts and counties in the Yangtze River Delta, divided based on housing price and growth characteristics |
| 类型 | 数量(个) | 区县名称 | 均价(元/m2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008年 | 2018年 | ||||
| 超级明星城市 | 核心城市城区 | 16 | 宝山、长宁、奉贤、虹口、黄浦、静安、嘉定、卢湾、闵行、浦东、普陀(上海)、青浦、松江、徐汇 、杨浦、闸北 | 17307 | 57403 |
| 中心城市城区 | 19 | 白下、鼓楼(南京)、江宁、建邺、浦口、秦淮、栖霞、下关、玄武、雨花台;滨江、富阳、拱墅、江干、上城、下城、西湖、萧山、余杭 | 10223 | 32770 | |
| 非超级明星 城市 | 发达城市城区 | 26 | 金山;沧浪、苏州工业园区、虎丘、金阊、平江、吴中、相城;北仑、海曙、江北、江东、鄞州、镇海;鹿城、龙湾、瓯海;包河、滨湖新区、合肥高新区、合肥经开区、庐阳、蜀山、新站、瑶海、合肥政务区 | 7197 | 19001 |
| 其他城市城区 | 80 | 戚墅堰、天宁、武进、新北、钟楼;淮安、淮阴、洪泽、淮安经开区、清江浦、青浦;海州、新浦;崇川、港闸、南通开发区、通州;宿城、宿豫;高港、海陵;滨湖、北塘、崇安、惠山、南长、锡山;鼓楼(徐州)、泉山、铜山、云龙;亭湖、盐都;广陵、邗江、江都、维扬;丹徒、京口、润州;南浔、吴兴;南湖、平湖、秀洲;金东、婺城;莲都;柯城、衢江;柯桥、上虞、越城;黄岩、椒江、路桥;定海、普陀(舟山);大观、迎江、宜秀;蚌山;贵池;琅琊;颍东、颍泉、颍州;屯溪;金安、裕安;花山、雨山;狮子山、铜官、义安;镜湖、鸠江、三山、弋江;宣州 | 4136 | 11096 | |
| 高需求城市 | 核心圈层县市 | 90 | 崇明;金坛、溧阳;高淳、六合、溧水;海安、海门、启东、如东、如皋;常熟、昆山、太仓、吴江、张家港;靖江、姜堰、泰兴、兴化;江阴、宜兴;宝应、高邮、仪征;镇江新区、丹阳、句容、扬中;淳安、建德、临安、桐庐;安吉、长兴、德清;海宁、海盐、嘉善、桐乡;东阳、兰溪、磐安、浦江、武义、永康、义乌;景宁、缙云、龙泉、青田、庆元、遂昌、松阳、云和;慈溪、奉化、宁海、象山、余姚;常山、江山、开化、龙游;嵊州、新昌、诸暨;临海、三门、天台、温岭、仙居、玉环;苍南、洞头、乐清、平阳、瑞安、泰顺、文成、永嘉;岱山、嵊泗;长丰、巢湖、肥东、肥西、庐江;繁昌、无为 | 4515 | 11349 |
| 低需求城市 | 外围地区县市 | 96 | 金湖;连云区、东海、赣榆、灌云;睢宁;滨海、大丰、东台;涟水、盱眙;灌南;泗阳、泗洪、沭阳;丰县、贾汪、沛县、邳州、新沂;阜宁、建湖、射阳、响水;怀宁、潜山、宿松、桐城、太湖、望江、岳西、枞阳;固镇、淮上、怀远、龙子湖、五河、禹会;东至、青阳、石台;定远、凤阳、来安、明光、南谯、全椒、天长;阜南、界首、临泉、太和、颍上;杜集、烈山、濉溪、相山;八公山、大通、凤台、潘集、田家庵、谢家集;黄山、徽州、祁门、歙县、休宁、黟县;霍邱、霍山、金寨、舒城、寿县;当涂、含山、和县、金家庄;砀山、灵璧、泗县、萧县、埇桥;郊区;南陵、芜湖;广德、旌德、泾县、绩溪、郎溪、宁国;涡阳、利辛、蒙城、谯城 | 2508 | 5828 |
图5 2008—2018年长三角6类区县房价增长过程比较Fig. 5 Comparison of housing price growth for six types of districts and counties in the Yangtze River Delta from 2008 to 2018 |
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