Exploring the essence of distance: A framework of distance desire and tourist destination choice
Received date: 2018-06-07
Request revised date: 2019-08-31
Online published: 2020-06-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771147)
Copyright
Distance is an important factor influencing all kinds of human spatial behavior and is also a major variable in exploring the laws of human behavior. However, the existing tourist destination decision model treats distance as a constraint condition, comprehensively discussing the frictional effect while ignoring the impacts of the catalytic effect of distance. This has led to a lack of theoretical and marketing practices. This study proposes the concept of distance desire to express the catalytic effect of distance. Based on its basic attribute of aesthetic emotion, the concept is subdivided into three dimensions: the cognitive dimension, the emotional dimension, and the travel motivation dimension. According to the characteristics of tourists' aesthetic demands, distance desire has been divided into three levels from the perspective of the modern aesthetic view, including the distance desire of game, distance desire of fashion and distance desire of adventure. The study further points out that distance desire is a tourist's interpretation of the meaning of distance. The development of distance desire provides a new explanation for tourist's motivation to travel. The pursuit of the poetic "far-away" by tourists is the essential pursuit of human beings to surpass themselves and is also an aesthetic salvation of individual resistance to alienation in a rapidly developing fluid society. Distance desire also provides a new perspective for understanding the essence of tourism. The aesthetic experience of the distance brought by tourism activities can satisfy the tourists' spiritual pursuit of harmony (differentiating the divisions caused by daily life), tolerance (differentiating respect and recognition) and independence (free construction of personality). Tourism is a form of aesthetic experience, during which tourists participate in constructing and reshaping their psychological structure, thus encouraging them to return to the real world and to reshape it within a harmonious, tolerant and independent aesthetic realm, thereby enhancing the quality of life of tourists individually and of humanity as a whole. By further discussing the relationship between distance desire and other behavioral variables, the basic interpretation framework of distance and tourist destination choice is eventually provided in this study. An in-depth study of distance desire can provide new explanations for the analysis of the tourist motivations in the era of globalization, provide new clues for the interpretation of the essence of tourism, provide a new understanding of the law of distance decay in tourist destination choice from a micro-individual perspective, provide possible theoretical explanations for a more comprehensive understanding of the distance dynamics in tourists' destination choices, provide the possibility to further improve and enhance the explanatory power and the predictability of the tourist destination decision model, and provide destination marketing organizations (DMOs) new ideas to develop targeted marketing strategies concerning cognitive distance.
CAO Jingjing , ZHANG Jinhe , WANG Chang , SUN Jinkun , CHEN Min . Exploring the essence of distance: A framework of distance desire and tourist destination choice[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020 , 75(4) : 860 -877 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202004014
表1 距离欲与距离、感知距离的概念辨析Tab. 1 Differential analysis of the concepts of physical distance, cognitive distance and distance desire |
比较内容 | 距离 | 感知距离 | 距离欲 |
---|---|---|---|
主体 | - | 旅游者 | 旅游者 |
客体 | 旅游者居住地与旅游目的地 | 旅游者居住地、旅游目的地 | 旅游者居住地与旅游目的地的距离 |
内容 | 旅游者居住地与旅游目的地空间实际距离 | 旅游者居住地与旅游目的地空间实际距离的认知评价 | 旅游者居住地与旅游目的地空间认知距离的情感评价 |
目的 | 客观描述旅游者居住地与旅游目的地的相对位置 | 旅游者对居住地与旅游目的地相对位置的空间认知与评价(距离远——近的判断) | 旅游者对居住地与旅游目的地相对位置的空间认知的情感评价(距离远近带来的吸引力——阻碍的判断) |
意义 | ① 客观描述空间中客源地与旅游目的地之间的空间关系;② 探索旅游者行为空间规律的基本变量 | ① 反映旅游者对居住地与旅游目的地远——近的认知;② 探索旅游者空间认知规律的基本变量 | ① 反映旅游者对距离所产生的引力或阻力的情感认知与判断(对距离远近所带来的未知的向往或逃离);② 直接作用于旅游者目的地选择、用于探索距离作用机制的基本变量;③ 探索距离对旅游者的意义的基本变量 |
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