Study on adaptive governance of social-ecological system: Progress and prospect
Received date: 2018-10-23
Request revised date: 2019-07-19
Online published: 2019-11-01
Supported by
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0604701)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41722102)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144064)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Copyright
Social-Ecological System (SES) is composed of social subsystem, ecological subsystem and the interaction between them; its structure, functions, and characteristics are different from those of social subsystem or ecological subsystem alone. Relying on adaptive social mechanisms of power-sharing and decision making, the adaptive governance of SES aims to guarantee human well-being in a sustainable manner under dynamic conditions. Adaptive governance theory is influenced by "common pool resources management", "resilience" and "governance", and lays a foundation for the construction of transformative governance and collaborative governance. This theory has three main objectives: (1) understanding and coping with the multi-stability, nonlinearity, uncertainty, integrity and complexity of SES; (2) establishing non-confrontational social structure, power-sharing structure and decision-making structure, and match with social subsystem and ecological subsystem; (3) achieving sustainable management of ecosystem services through an integrated approach. Therefore, in the face of the "Anthropocene" of human-behaviour-dominant surface processes, achieving adaptive governance helps to deal with the complexity and uncertainty of SES. Given the rapid changes in China's environment and the increasingly complicated interactions between China and countries all over the world, it will be helpful for future studies to pay close attention to the following fields: (1) understand the multi-interaction processes of a coupled system, and enhance its adaptability; (2) emphasize the significance of a holistic approach of studying SES; (3) improve the ability to understand and predict system dynamics in the context of environmental change.
SONG Shuang , WANG Shuai , FU Bojie , CHEN Haibin , LIU Yanxu , ZHAO Wenwu . Study on adaptive governance of social-ecological system: Progress and prospect[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019 , 74(11) : 2401 -2410 . DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201911015
图2 社会—生态系统状态循环与转型治理、协作治理的关系注:① 社会—生态系统状态循环包括:开发阶段r,保护阶段k,释放阶段Ω,更新阶段α;图中展示旧的SES因转型治理而进入新的状态循环,并因协作治理的实现而延长开发保护阶段的过程;② 转型治理可受不同尺度系统状态变化的影响;③ 协作治理的主要实现过程包括F-F-D(Face to Face Dialogue, 直接对话),T-B(Trust-Building, 建立信任),C-P(Commitment to Process, 过程承诺),S-U(Shared Understanding, 知识共享),I-O(Intermediate Outcomes, 阶段成果)5个循环步骤。 Fig. 2 The relationship between social-ecological system adaptive cycle and transition / collaborative governance |
图3 理解适应性治理理论的“三明治”模式注:① 面a内是利益相关者间相互作用而成的社会网络,其结构处于动态变化之中,节点大小则指示其社会资本盈缺;② 面c为社会—生态系统状态集合面,当前系统状态SES正位于1个稳态域内,并受到该稳态的主导力(FSES)与规则作用力(Fc1、Fc2、Fc3)的制约,此时稳态域的大小决定了系统韧性的强弱;③ 面b为政策结构,由正式或非正式的、彼此间相互制约的规则(B1、B2、B3)组成,影响社会网络结构与社会—生态系统状态;④ 路径α指示社会对环境的动态适应,路径β则指示社会对系统状态的直接改造;⑤ 适应性治理理论将治理抽象为面a的社会关系到面b管理决策的映射,通过政策规则在面c的映射影响系统状态,因此在当前合力作用下,系统状态SES在向黑色虚线箭头所指的SES’方向迁移。 Fig. 3 A "sandwich model" for understanding adaptive governance of social-ecological system |
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