This paper deconstructs the theoretical relationship of non-agricultural ratio and per rural residential land area, which represent livelihoods transformation and rural land use respectively. Then it quantitatively analyzes the inflection point value of livelihoods transformation and identifies the corresponding suitable rural residential land consolidation regions based on the GIS technique and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results indicate that there exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between non-agricultural ratio and per rural residential land area. By controlling the main influential factors such as resource endowment, economic development stage, the terrain, the urbanization ratio, the inflection point value of non-agricultural ratio is 38.36%. According to this inflection point value and the standards (150 m2 per capita) prescribed by the State for rural residential land use, four rural residential land consolidation regions with descending suitability are identified, including the prior consolidation region, the optimal consolidation region, the moderate potential region, and the restricted consolidation region. For prior consolidation region which enjoys the highest suitability, its suitable consolidation model is the urbanization leading model, and it is distributed mainly in north, east and central China. Peasants in the optimal consolidation region, mainly in southeast and southwest China, have a relatively low dependence on agriculture production, but rural land use here has been intensive. Rural residential land consolidation here is therefore suggested to integrate with central village construction. In the moderate potential region which is mainly located in the vast northern China, it has the highest per rural residential land area, but its non-agricultural ratio is too low to support massive rural land consolidation, it thus suits for the consolidation model of intra-village intensification. The restricted consolidation region, located mainly in southwest China, should pay more attention to its ecological environment and ecological function rather than land potential. Restricted rural residential land consolidation is suggested to combine with large-scale projects such as ecological immigrant project.
[1] Xu W, Tan K C. Impact of reform and economic restructuring on rural systems in China: A case study of Yuhang, Zhejiang. Journal of Rural Studies, 2002, 18(1): 65-81.
[2] Chen Yangfen, Liu Yansui, Wang Jieyong. Study on the impact of off-farm employment on peasant's agricultural land lease behavior in eastern coastal China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2010, 25(3): 368-375. [陈秧分, 刘彦随, 王介勇. 东部沿海地区农户非农就业对农地租赁行为的影响研究. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(3): 368-375.]
[3] Liu Yansui, Liu Yu, Zhai Rongxin. Geographical research and optimizing practice of rural hollowing in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(10): 1193-1202. [刘彦随, 刘玉, 翟荣新. 中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践. 地理学报, 2009, 64(10): 1193-1202.]
[4] Tu Zhonghang. Withdrawing villages and enclosing land to pursue land finance in many provinces. The Beijing News, 2010-11-02. [涂重航. 多省撤村圈地意在土地财政. 新京报, 2010-11-02.]
[5] Zheng Fengtian. Analyze on five harmful trends in village merging practice. People's Tribune, 2010, (10): 50-51. [郑风田. 迁村并居五种不良倾向剖析. 人民论坛, 2010, (10): 50-51.]
[6] Hong Qiaojun. Village merging should take into consideration of the agricultural production stage. Jiangnan City Daily, 2008-02-19. [洪巧俊. 村庄合并应考虑肩挑背驮现实. 江南都市报, 2008-02-19.]
[7] Chen Yufu, Sun Hu, Liu Yansui. Reconstruction models of hollowed villages in key agricultural regions of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(6):727-735. [陈玉福, 孙虎, 刘彦随. 中国典型农区空心村综合整治模式. 地理学报, 2010, 65(6):727-735.]
[8] Liu Y S, Liu Y, Chen Y F et al. The process and driving forces of rural hollowing in China under rapid urbanization. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2010, 20(6): 876-888.
[9] Dang Guoying. How to evaluate the current upsurge in village merging. People's Tribune, 2010, (8): 6. [党国英. 如何看 “迁村并居”热潮. 人民论坛, 2010, (8): 6.]
[10] Han Jun, Ma Xiaohe, Li Bingdi. Tough problem in urbanization: The way for the peasants to become as urban residents. Guangming Daily, 2010-10-17. [ 韩俊, 马晓河, 李兵弟. 城镇化难题: 农民如何变市民. 光明日报, 2010-10-17.]
[11] Tao R, Xu Z G. Urbanization, rural land system and social security for migrants in China. Journal of Development Studies, 2007, 43(7): 1301-1320.
[12] White E M, Morzillo A T, Alig R J. Past and projected rural land conversion in the US at state, regional, and national levels. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2009, 89(1/2): 37-48.
[13] Pa?akarnis G, Maliene, V. Towards sustainable rural development in Central and Eastern Europe: Applying land consolidation. Land Use Policy, 2010, 27(2): 545-549.
[14] Wu Cifang. Rural land consolidation: public aim, international experience, and current choice. Sichuan Reform, 2009, (8): 11-16. [吴次芳. 农村土地整治的问题指向、国际经验和现实选择. 四川改革, 2009, (8): 11-16.]
[15] Niroula G S, Thapa G B. Impacts and causes of land fragmentation, and lessons learned from land consolidation in South Asia. Land Use Policy, 2005, 22(4): 358-372.
[16] Vergara C L. Land, protest, and politics: The landless movement and the struggle for agrarian reform in Brazil. Journal of Agrarian Change, 2011, 11(1): 129-132.
[17] McCusker B, Carr E R. The co-production of livelihoods and land use change: Case studies from South Africa and Ghana. Geoforum, 2006, 37(5): 790-804.
[18] Zhong Taiyang, Huang Xianjin. Review on the researches of land use change at farm household level. Journal of Natural Resources, 2007, 22(3): 341-352. [钟太洋, 黄贤金. 农户层面土地利用变化研究综述. 自然资源学报, 2007, 22(3): 341-352.]
[19] Zhou Jing, Yang Qingyuan, Xin Guixin et al. The impact of rural households concurrent business behaviors response on the housing land-use pattern in poor mountain area. Geographical Research, 2010, 29(10): 1767-1779. [周婧, 杨庆媛, 信桂新等. 贫困山区农户兼业行为及其居民点用地形态. 地理研究, 2010, 29(10): 1767-1779.]
[20] Jin Mingli, Zhang Fengrong, Meng Yuan et al. Feasibility study on land consolidation into cultivation in rural residential area: A case in Mentougou District in Beijing. China Land Science, 2008, 22(5): 11-15. [金明丽, 张凤荣, 孟媛等. 山区农村居民点还耕可行性研究: 以北京市门头沟区为例. 中国土地科学, 2008, 22(5): 11-15.]
[21] Gu Xiaokun, Lu Xinhai, Chen Baiming. Effect analysis of land consolidation of rural habitat in suburbs of metropolis: Comparative study on typical cases. Journal of Natural Resources, 2010, 25(10): 1649-1657. [谷晓坤, 卢新海, 陈百明. 大城市郊区农村居民点整理效果分析: 基于典型案例的比较研究. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(10): 1649-1657.]
[22] Ellis E C, Neerchal N Peng K et al. Estimating long-term changes in China's village landscapes. Ecosystems, 2009, 12 (2): 279-297.
[23] Xu X G, Hou L S, Lin H P et al. Zoning of sustainable agricultural development in China. Agricultural Systems, 2006, 87(1): 38-62.
[24] Wang Fahui. Quantitative Methods and Applications in GIS. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006. [王法辉. 基于GIS 的数量方法与应用. 江世国, 藤俊华译. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2009.]
[25] Long Hualou. Land use transition. Geography and Territorial Research, 2003, 19(1): 87-90. [龙花楼. 土地利用转型. 地理与地理信息科学, 2003, 19(1): 87-90.]
[26] Ministry of Construction P.R.China. Standard for planning of town and village GB 50188—93. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1994. [中华人民共和国建设部. 村镇规划标准. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,1994.]
