Based on the long record of daily suspended sediment transport and runoff at the five hydrological gauge stations in the Nujiang River Basin, using the Mann-Kendall test and R/S (Rescaled Range Analysis) methods, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions, the change trend of sediment transport and its relationship with runoff in the basin from 1956 to 2011. The results showed that: (1) The average sediment concentration and sediment transport modulus of the Nanting tributary was much greater than those in the mainstream, and the inter-annual coefficient of variation of suspended sediment transport rate decreased with the increase of its catchment area; (2) In the Nujiang mainstream, the suspended sediment transport rate at Mucheng station is smaller than that at Daojieba station in the upstream, indicating that a part of sediment deposition in the river bed with the decline of river gradient may be one of the reasons for this phenomenon; (3) The annual distribution of suspended sediment transport in the Nujiang River was very uneven, and its concentration in the mainstream was higher than that in the Nanting tributary at the month scale but lower at the daily scale; (4) The suspended sediment transport rate showed a significantly increasing trend both in the mainstream and the Nanting tributary, and their mutagenesis started respectively in 1987 and 1980; (5) The relationship between suspended sediment transport and runoff was not significant in the upstream of Nujiang River, but significant in the middle and lower mainstream and Nanting tributary.
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