In the context of uneven development, industrial structure differentials exist in core and peripheral regions. This paper, concerning uneven development since reform and opening-up in China, firstly presents descriptive evidence of the core-periphery pattern of economic spatial structure. Then it empirically analyzes the impact of core-periphery gradient across provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) on industrial location and assesses the extent to which these provinces have changed in recent years by taking manufacturing industries as cases and employing statistical data of the 2nd and 3rd China Industrial Censuses and the 1st and 2nd China Economic Censuses. Since China's reform and opening-up, economic spatial structure of China has been presenting a significant core-periphery pattern, and the economic center evidently skews to east coastal areas. With the deepening of market reform and expansion of globalization, industrial location is gradually in line with development advantages across provinces, and shows preferences between core and peripheral provinces with respect to different industries. The core provinces specialize in those industries characterized by strong forward and backward linkages as well as high consumption ratio, high degree of increasing returns to scale, labor intensive or human-capital intensive, however, it is the other way around to peripheral provinces, in addition, energy intensive industries gradually concentrate in peripheral ones. Comparative advantage theory and new economic geography to a certain degree identify the underlying forces that determine spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. This paper indicates that it will be a long-term trend that industrialization of regions in different gradients is not synchronized. In a certain period, provinces are bound to develop industrial sectors in line with regional characteristics and development stage. Core-periphery gradients by industry across provinces demonstrated in this paper indicates that industrial development differentials between eastern and western provinces are not only the uneven distribution of industries but also the inconsistent evolving trends of industrial structure for each province.
MAO Qiliang, DONG Suocheng, WANG Fei, LI Jun
. Evolving spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013
, 68(4)
: 435
-448
.
DOI: 10.11821/xb201304001
[1] Lu Dadao. Regional Development and Its Spatial Structure. Beijing: Science Press, 1995. [陆大道. 区域发展及其空间 结构. 北京: 科学出版社, 1995.]
[2] Fujita M, Krugman P, Venables A. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions and International Trade. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1999. [藤田长久, 保罗·克鲁格曼, 安东尼·维纳布尔斯. 空间经济学: 城市、区域与国际贸易. 北京:中国人民 大学出版社, 2005.]
[3] Huang Jiuli. Market size and industrial growth in Chinese provinces. China Economic Quarterly, 2008, 4(7): 1317-1334. [黄玖立, 黄俊立. 市场规模与中国省区的产业增长. 经济学(季刊), 2008, 4(7): 1317-1334.]
[4] Vernon. International investment and international trade in the product cycle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1966, 80(2): 190-207.
[5] Kojima Kiyoshi. The flying geese model of Asian economic development: Origin, theoretical extensions and regional policy implication. Journal of Asian Economics, 2000: 375-401.
[6] Krugman P. Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal of Political Economy, 1991, 99(3): 484-499.
[7] Venables A J. Equilibrium locations of vertically linked industries. International Economic Review, 1996, 37(2): 341-359.
[8] Combes Pierre-Philippe, Overman H G. The spatial distribution of economic activities in the European Union. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, 2004, (4): 2845-2909.
[9] Midelfart-Knarvik, Overman K H, Redding S et al. The location of European industry. Economic Papers 142, European Commission, 2000.
[10] Holmes T J, Stevens J J. Spatial distribution of economic activities in North America. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, 2004, (4): 2797-2843.
[11] Vogiatzoglou K. Agglomeration or dispersion? Industrial specialization and geographic concentration in NAFTA. Journal of International Economic Studies, 2006, 20: 89-102.
[12] Wen Mei. Relocation and agglomeration of Chinese industry. Economic Research Journal, 2004, (2): 84-94. [文玫. 中国工业在区域上的重新定位和聚集. 经济研究, 2004, (2): 84-94.]
[13] He Canfei, Xie Xiuzhen. Geographical concentration and provincial specialization of Chinese manufacturing industries. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(2): 212-222. [贺灿飞, 谢秀珍. 中国制造业地理集中与省区专业化. 地 理学报, 2006, 61(2): 212-222.]
[14] He Canfei, Xie Xiuzhen, Pan Fenghua. Locational studies of Chinese manufacturing industries. Geographical Research, 2008, 27(3): 623-635. [贺灿飞, 谢秀珍, 潘峰华. 中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素. 地理研究, 2008, 27 (3): 623-635.]
[15] Wei Botong, Zhou Jiewen. Economic integration, regional specialization and spatial distribution of manufacturing in China. Economic Management, 2008, 20(19/20): 120-125. [魏博通, 周杰文. 经济一体化、地区专业化与中国制造业 的空间分布. 经济管理, 2008, 20(19/20): 120-125.]
[16] Wu Sanmang, Li Shantong. An analysis of spatial distribution of manufacturing industry in China. China Soft Science, 2010, (6): 123-131. [吴三忙, 李善同. 中国制造业空间分布分析. 中国软科学, 2010, (6): 123-131.]
[17] Jin Yu, Chen Zhao, Lu Ming. Industry agglomeration in China: Economic geography, new economic geography and policy. Economic Research Journal, 2006, (4): 79-89. [金煜, 陈钊, 陆铭. 中国的地区工业集聚: 经济地理、新经济地 理与经济政策. 经济研究, 2006, (4): 79-89.]
[18] Huang Jiuli, Li Kunwang. Foreign trade, local protectionism and industrial location in China. China Economic Quarterly, 2006, 3(5): 733-760. [黄玖立, 李坤望. 对外贸易、地方保护和中国的产业布局. 经济学(季刊), 2006, 3(5): 733-760.]
[19] Wang Yeqiang, Wei Houkai. Characteristics of industries, competition for space and the geographic concentration in manufacture. Management World, 2007, (4): 68-77. [王业强, 魏后凯. 产业特征、空间竞争与制造业地理集中: 来自中国的经验证据. 管理世界, 2007, (4): 68-77.]
[20] Brülhart Marius. Evolving geographical concentration of European manufacturing industries. Review of World Economics, 2001, 137(2): 215-243.
[21] Harris C D. The market as a factor in the localization of industry in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographer, 1954, 44(4): 315-348.
[22] Young Alwyn, The Razor's Edge: Distortions and incremental reform in the People's Republic of China. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2000, 115(4): 1091-1135.
[23] Elison G, Glaeser E. The geographic concentration of industry: Does natural advantage explain agglomeration? American Economic Review, 1999, 89(2): 311-316.
[24] Zhang Gongwei, Liang Qi. The study of industry transfer and the spacial allocative effect of resources. Review of Industrial Economics, 2010, 19(3): 2-21. [张公嵬, 梁琦. 产业转移与资源的空间配置效应研究. 产业经济评论, 2010, 19(3): 2-21.]