From the perspective of behaviorism, the travel behavior of the urban resident is explored at the community scale. An example of Guangzhou is discussed and 218 samples from three communities are provided. Two Structural Equation Models (SEM) are developed respectively to explore the path relationships between various variables. Moreover, the mechanism of interaction between attributes and travel behaviors of residents are presented. The results indicate the distinctions between different urban residents’travel behaviors which result from various residents' attributes and community locations. Generally speaking, the travel pattern, travel timetable and travel frequency are influenced by travel motivation, which is determined by the residents' attributes and community location. Among all of the variables, residents’attributes and community location are the fundamental variables, while the former is the key variable. What's more, residents’attributes and community location have a significant impact on travel decision-making of the residents through four sub-path systems. The Gender Sub-path presents that females conduct more non-work trips which raise travel frequency. The Age Sub-path suggests that the older residents prefer a low-cost travel mode with more non-work travel intentions, thus their travel frequency is increased. The Income Sub-path indicates that the work trip plays a significant role in daily travel of high-income residents who prefer the high-cost travel mode, and as a result, their travel frequency is decreased. The Community Location Sub-path indicates that the residents in suburban communities care more about travel expenses than the residents in the city center; hence, the reduction of non-work trips will decrease their travel frequency.
[1] Law R. Beyond women and transport: towards new geographies of gender and daily mobility. Progress in HumanGeography, 1999, 23(4): 567-588.
[2] Miller R. Household activity patterns in nineteenth-century suburbs: A time-geographic exploration. Annals of theAssociation of American Geographers, 1982, 72(3): 355-371.
[3] Hanson S., Johnston I. Gender differences in work-trip length: explanation and implications. Urban Geography, 1985, 6(3):193-219.
[4] Bondi L. Gender and geography: Crossing boundaries. Progress in Human Geography, 1993, 17(2): 241-246.
[5] Preston V, McLafferty S, Hamilton E. The impact of family status on black, white and Hispanic women's commuting.Urban Geography, 1993, 14(3): 228-250.
[6] Kerry Hamilton, Linda Jenkins. A gender audit for public transport: A new policy tool in the tackling of social exclusion.Urban Studies, 2000, 37(10): 1793-1800.
[7] David Banister, Ann Bowling. Quality of life for the elderly: The transport dimension. Transport Policy, 2004, 11(2):105-115.
[8] Glanda Laws. "The land of old age": Society's changing attitudes towards urban built environment for elderly people.Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1993, 83(4): 672-693.
[9] Rahaf Alsnih, David A. Hensher. The mobility and accessibility expectation of seniors in an aging population.Transportation Research Part A, 2003, 37(10): 903-916.
[10] K Bruce Newbold, Darren M Scott, Jamie E L et al. Travel behavior within Canada’s older population: A cohort analysis.Journal of Transport Geography, 2005, 13(4): 340-351.
[11] Sandra Rosenbloom. Sustainability and automobility among the elderly: An international assessment. Transportation,2001, 28(4): 375-408.
[12] Anu Siren, Liisa Hakamies-Blomqvist. Private car as the grand equalizer? Demographic factors and mobility in Finnishmen and women age 65+. Transportation Research Part F, 2004, 7(2): 107-118.
[13] Thomas W Sanchez, Shen Qing, Peng Zhongren. Transit mobility, job access and low-income labor participation in USmetropolitan area. Urban Studies, 2004, 41(7): 1313-1331.
[14] Philippe Apparicio, Anne-Marie Seguin. Measuring the accessibility of services and facilities for residents of publichousing in Montreal. Urban Studies, 2006, 43(1): 187-211.
[15] Sumeeta Srinivasan, Peter Rogers. Travel behavior of low-income residents: Studying two contrasting locations in the cityof Chennai, India. Journal of Transport Geography, 2005, 13(3): 265-274.
[16] Robert Cervero, Kara Kockelman. Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design. Transportation ResearchPart D, 1997, 2(3): 199-219.
[17] Susan Handy, Cao Xinyu, Patricia Mokhtarian. Correlation or causality between the built environment and travelbehavior? Evidence from northern California. Transportation Research Part D, 2005, 10: 427-444.
[18] Randall Crane, Richard Crepeau. Does neighborhood design influence travel? A behavioral analysis of travel diary andGIS data. Transportation Research Part D, 1998, 3(4): 250-276.
[19] Chai Yanwei, Liu Zhilin et al. Time-space Structure of Chinese Cities. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2002: 60-61. [柴彦威, 刘志林等. 中国城市的时空间结构. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2002: 60-61.]
[20] Huang Jianzhong. Analysis on the characteristics of resident trip in Chinese mega-cities since 1980's. Urban PlanningForum, 2005, (3): 71-75. [黄建中. 1980 年代以来我国特大城市居民出行特征分析. 城市规划学刊, 2005, (3): 71-75.]
[21] Deng Maoying, Xie Li, Lin Xiaohua. An analysis on the characteristics of the trips on Guangzhou inhabitants anddevelopment of urban communications. Tropical Geography, 2000, 20(1): 32-37. [邓毛颖, 谢理, 林小华. 广州市居民出行特征分析及交通发展的对策. 热带地理, 2000, 20(1): 32-37.]
[22] Chai Yanwei, Weng Guilan, Gong Hua. A study on temporal and spatial characteristics of shopping behavior of Shenzhenresidents. Human Geography, 2004, 19(6):79-84. [柴彦威, 翁桂兰, 龚华. 深圳居民购物消费行为的时空间特征. 人文地理, 2004, 19(6): 79-84.]
[23] Chai Yanwei, Shang Yanran. The study on the temporal-spatial characteristics of the consumer activities of Shenzhenresidents at night. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(5): 803-810. [柴彦威, 尚嫣然. 深圳居民夜间消费活动的时空特征.地理研究, 2005, 24(5): 803-810.]
[24] Lu Youcheng. Research on psychological behavior of the inhabitants on a journey of Wuhu city. Human Geography, 1996,11(1): 44-48. [路有成. 芜湖市居民出行心理行为研究. 人文地理, 1996, 11(1): 44-48.]
[25] Zhou Suhong, Yan Xiaopei. The relationship between urban structure and traffic demand in Guangzhou. Acta GeographicaSinica, 2005, 60(1): 131-142. [周素红, 闫小培. 广州城市空间结构与交通需求关系. 地理学报, 2005, 60(1): 131-142.]
[26] Zhou Suhong, Yan Xiaopei. The impact of commuters’travel pattern on urban structure: A case study in some typicalcommunities in Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(2):179-189. [周素红, 闫小培. 基于居民通勤行为分析的城市空间解读: 以广州市典型街区为案例. 地理学报, 2006, 61(2): 179-189.]
[27] Cao Xiaoshu, Chen Hemei, Li Linna. Private car travel characteristics and influencing factors in Chinese cities: A casestudy of Guangzhou in Guangdong, China. Chinese Geographical Science, 2009, 19(4): 325-332.
[28] Chai Yanwei, Weng Guilan, Liu Zhilin. Feminist geographical research on the behavior spaces of female residents inChinese cities. Human Geography, 2003, 18(4): 1-4. [柴彦威, 翁桂兰. 刘志林. 中国城市女性居民行为空间研究的女性主义视角. 人文地理, 2003, 18(4): 1-4.]
[29] Zhang Wenjia, Chai Yanwei. Theories and confirmed model of urban resident's travel demand: consideringintra-household interaction. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(12): 1246-1256. [张文佳, 柴彦威. 基于家庭的城市居民出行需求理论与验证模型. 地理学报, 2008, 63(12): 1246-1256.]
[30] Zhang Chun, Chai Yanwei, Li Changxia. The characteristics of daily activity of the elderly in Beijing city. Areal Researchand Development, 2007, 26(4): 116-120. [张纯, 柴彦威, 李昌霞. 北京城市老年人的日常活动路径及其时空特征. 地域研究与开发, 2007, 26(4): 116-120.]
[31] Chai Yanwei, Li Changxia. The spatial characteristics of shopping behavior of the Chinese urban elderly: A case study ofBeijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(3): 401-408. [柴彦威, 李昌霞. 中国城市老年人日常购物行为的空间特征: 以北京、深圳和上海为例. 地理学报, 2005, 60(3): 401-408.]
[32] Hau Kit-Tai, Wen Zhonglin, Cheng Zijuan. Structural Equation Model and Its Application. Beijing: Education SciencePress, 2004: 1-3. [侯杰泰, 温忠麟, 成子娟. 结构方程模型及其应用. 北京: 教育科学出版社, 2004: 1-3.]
