The Impact of Abrupt Climate Change in Mid-Holocene on the Prehistoric Culture in Northeast Qinghai
Received date: 2005-05-10
Revised date: 2005-07-18
Online published: 2005-09-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40261003; No.90202012; National Basic Research Program of China, No.2005CB422006; Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX3-SW-339; Window-west Visiting Scholar Project of CAS
The natural environment of the northeastern part of Qinghai province has close relation to global climate changes. In this region there are highly developed prehistoric culture, complete sequences and plentiful vestiges. So it is the typical area where the research of the impact of climatic change on the prehistoric culture of China can be conducted. By researching the regional climate and archeology with the methods of GIS and mathematics analysis, we can find that the climate tended to be dryer and colder at 4 kaBP, so, the Qijia culture dramatically became declined at 3.9 kaBP; the climate kept a dry and cold situation at 3.6 kaBP, which promoted the appearance of the Xindian and Kayue cultures and the increase of a lot of relics; the Qijia culture belongs to a farming culture, the Xindian culture inherited the productive activity from the Qijia culture with its regional scope changing smaller to low sea-level, low mountain and river valley areas; but the Kayue culture changed its own productive pattern and produced a new economic way-animal husbandry after the abrupt climate changes, and its regional scope became the largest in prehistoric culture age. Pre-historic residents took different measures due to the abrupt climate changes, then different cultures developed. Climate change is a major driving force that made prehistoric cultures diversified. It is also one of the most important reasons why large selttlements cannot be maintained for a long time and civilization process suffered setbacks.
LIU Fenggui, HOU Guangliang, ZHANG Yili, ZHANG Zhongxiao, XU Changjun, ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Haifeng . The Impact of Abrupt Climate Change in Mid-Holocene on the Prehistoric Culture in Northeast Qinghai[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005 , 60(5) : 733 -741 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200505004
[1] Xie Duanju. Pre-historical Archaeology of Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press, 2002.
[谢端琚. 甘青地区史前考古. 北京: 文物出版社, 2002.]
[2] Miao Yajuan. Consideration about formation of Chinese civilization. Cultural Relics of China, 2004, 65(1): 22-28.
[缪雅娟. 关于中国文明形成的思考. 中原文物, 2004, 65(1): 22-28.]
[3] Li Boqian. The source and formation of Chinese civilization. Huaxia Archaeology, 1995, 32(4): 8-12.
[李伯谦. 中国文明的起源与形成. 华夏考古, 1995, 32(4): 8-12.]
[4] Hou Guangliang, Liu Fenggui. Pre-historical culture and climate change of eastern Qinghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(6): 841-846.
[侯光良, 刘峰贵. 青海东部史前文化对气候变化的响应. 地理学报, 2004, 59(6): 841-846.]
[5] Mo Duowen, Li Fei, Li Shuicheng et al. A preliminary study on the paleoenvironment of the middle Holocene in the Hulu river area in Gansu province and its effects on human activity. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(1): 59-69.
[莫多闻, 李非, 李水城 等. 甘肃葫芦河流域中全新世环境演化及其对人类活动的影响. 地理学报, 1996, 51(1): 59-69.]
[6] An Chengbang, Feng Zhaodong, Tang Lingyu. Environmental changes and cultural transition at 4 cal. kaBP in central Gansu. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(5): 743-748.
[安成邦, 冯兆东, 唐领余. 甘肃中部4000年前环境变化和古文化变迁. 地理学报, 2003, 58(5): 743-748.]
[7] Wang Jianlin, Xiong Wei. Relationship between the ancients migration climate change in the later period of late Pleistocene in Tibet. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(2): 174-182.
[王建林, 熊伟. 晚更新世以来西藏古人类迁移与气候变化关系. 地理学报, 2004, 59(2): 174-182.]
[8] Xingbang Shih. Neolithic Cultural Systems in China. Washington: Washington State University Press, 1992. 125.
[9] Liu Xingqi, Shen Ji, Wang Sumin et al. A 16000-year paleoclimatic record derived from authigenetic carbonate of lacustrine sediment in Qinghai Lake. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2003, 9(1): 38-46.
[刘兴起, 沈吉, 王苏民 等. 16 ka以来青海湖湖相自生碳酸盐沉积记录的古气候. 高校地质学报, 2003, 9(1): 38-46.]
[10] Liu Xingqi, Wang Sumin, Shen Ji. The grain size of the Core QH-2000 in Qinghai Lake and its implicatlon for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2003, 15(2): 112-117.
[刘兴起, 王苏民, 沈吉. 青海湖QH-2000钻孔沉积物粒度组成的古气候古环境意义. 湖泊科学, 2003, 15(2): 112-117.]
[11] Liu Xingqi, Shen Ji, Wang Sumin et al. A 16000-year pollen record and ancient environment evolution. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47(17): 1351-1355.
[刘兴起, 沈吉, 王苏民 等. 青海湖16 ka以来的花粉记录及其古气候古环境演化. 科学通报, 2002, 47(17): 1351-1355.]
[12] Lister G S, Kelts K, Chen K et al. Lake Qinghai, China: closed-basin lake levels and the oxygen isotope record for ostracoda since the latest Pleistocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoc limatology, Palaeocology, 1991, 84: 141-162.
[13] Fang Xiuqi, Ge Quansheng, Zheng Jingyun. Milienarian cycle of cold events and climatic change in Holocene. Progress in Natural Science, 2004, 14(4): 456-461.
[方修琦, 葛全胜, 郑景云. 全新世寒冷事件与气候变化的千年周期. 自然科学进展, 2004, 14(4): 456-461.]
[14] Du Naiqiu, Kong Zhaochen, Shan Fashou. A preliminary investigation on the vegetational and climatic changes since 11,000 years in Qinghai Lake: an analsyis based on palynology in core QH85-14C. Acta Betanica Sinica, 1989, 31(10): 803-814.
[杜乃秋, 孔昭宸, 山发寿. 青海湖QH85-14C钻孔抱粉分析及其古气候古环境的初步探讨. 植物学报, 1989, 31(10): 803-814.]
[15] Yu Ge, Sun Xiangjun, Qin Boqiang et al. China mid-Holocene vegetation distribution in biomization. Science in China (Series D), 1998, 28(1): 73-78.
[于革, 孙湘君, 秦伯强 等. 花粉植被化模拟的中国中全新世植被分布. 中国科学(D辑), 1998, 28(1): 73-78.]
[16] Zhou Xingmin, Wang Zhibin, Du Qing. The Vegetation of Qinghai Province. Xining: Qinghai People's Press, 1986. 100-107.
[周兴民, 王质彬, 杜庆. 青海植被. 西宁: 青海人民出版社, 1986. 100-107.]
[17] Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The pre-historical graveyard of Qinghai province Liuwan Village. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press, 1984.
[青海省文物管理处考古队, 中国社会科学院考古研究所. 青海柳湾. 北京: 文物出版社, 1984.]
[18] Fang Xiuqi. Cold event: a possible cause of the interruption of the laohushan culture. Human Geography, 1998, 13(1): 71-76.
[方修琦. 降温事件: 4.3 kaBP岱海老虎山文化中断的可能原因. 人文地理, 1998, 13(1): 71-76.]
[19] State Cultural Relics Bureau. The Culture Relic Atlas of China: Qinghai Branch. Beijing: China Map Press, 1996. 15-23.
[国家文物局. 中国文物地图集: 青海分册. 北京: 中国地图出版社, 1996. 15-23.]
[20] Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The analyses report of Kayue cultural relic deposition in Fengtai village of Qinghai province. Archaeology and Cultural Relics, 2004, (2): 85-91.
[中国社会科学院考古研究所, 青海省文物考古研究所. 青海互助丰台卡约文化遗址浮选结果分析报告. 考古与文物, 2004, (2): 85-91.]
[21] Xia Zhengkai, Yang Xiaoyan, Ye Maolin. Prehistoric disasters at Lajia Site in Qinghai. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(11): 1200-1204.
[夏正楷, 杨晓燕, 叶茂林. 青海喇家遗址史前灾难事件. 科学通报, 2003, 48(11): 1200-1204.]
[22] Zheng Du, Yao Tandong. Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Uplift and Environmental Effect. Beijing: Science Press, 2004. 255-274.
[郑度, 姚檀栋. 青藏高原隆升与环境效应. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004. 255-274.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |