The Nature, Formation Age and Genetic Environment of the Palaeokarst on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
Received date: 2001-06-04
Revised date: 2001-09-26
Online published: 2002-05-25
Supported by
The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 49901002; No. 49371011
The karst landforms scattering on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau can be genetically classified as the Tertiary underground karst, which gradually emerged to the ground surface following later period's denudation with the uplift of the plateau during the Quaternary Period. The relative deposits of the Tertiary palaeokarst processes, such as the residuum and speleothem, were discovered recently on the plantation surface of the plateau, where both eastern and southeastern fringe has geologically been disintegrated. The results of fission track dating using the speleothem calcite revealed that the formation age of the palaeokarst and hence the plantation surface is between 19.0 and 7.0 Ma B.P. The residuum has a fine size distribution. The principal chemical components of the clay portion of the residuum consist mainly of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The clay minerals composition of the clay portion belongs to illite-kaolinite-type for most of the residuum samples, and kaolinite-illite-type for a few samples. It can be judged from the silicic acid index and the clay minerals composition that the formation of the residuum of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was in its initial phase. However, such a weak chemical weathering index only reflected the weathering degree in the bottom or lower parts of the weathering crust. The relative intensive chemical weathering processes of the surface layers of the weathering crust could be logically speculated. Also, surface textures of quartz grains in the residuum produced by chemical erosion revealed a long-term humid-tropical environment when the residuum and the palaeokarst formed.
GAO Quanzhou, CUI Zhijiu, TAO Zhen, LIU Gengnian, HONG Yun . The Nature, Formation Age and Genetic Environment of the Palaeokarst on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002 , 57(3) : 267 -274 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200203002
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