Microclimatic Characteristics of the Heihe Oasis in the Hyperarid Zone
Received date: 2005-06-20
Revised date: 2005-11-17
Online published: 2006-01-25
Supported by
The Hundred Talent Scholar Foundation, No.2003401; Knowledge Innovation Project, No.KZCX1-09-03; No.KZCX1-10-06
The microclimate of a desert oasis in the hyperarid zone of China was monitored using micrometeorological methods and compared with those of areas adjacent to forested land. Differences in ground-level photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on clear, cloudy and dust storm days and their subtending causes are analysed and discussed. Desert oases serve the ecological functions of altering solar radiation, adjusting near-ground and land surface temperatures, reducing soil temperature differences, lowering wind velocity, and increasing soil and atmospheric humidity. The total solar radiation in the interior of the oasis was roughly half of that outside a forest canopy. During the growing season, air temperatures in Populus euphratica Oliv. (poplar) and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. (tamarisk) forests were 1.62oC and 0.83 oC lower, respectively, than those in the areas around the forests. Furthermore, the taller the forest cover, the greater the temperature drops; air temperatures in the upper storey were greater than those in the lower storey, i.e., air temperature rose with increasing height. Over the growing season, the relative humidities of the air in the poplar and tamarisk forests were 8.5% and 4.2% higher, respectively, than those in areas around the forests. Mean wind velocity in poplar-forested lands was 0.33 m s-1, 2.31 m s-1 lower than that in the surrounding area. During dust storm days the PAR was significantly lower than on cloudy or clear days, when it was high and varied in an irregular manner.
FENG Qi, SI Jianhua, ZHANG Yanwu, YAO Jiming, LIU Wei, SU Yonghong . Microclimatic Characteristics of the Heihe Oasis in the Hyperarid Zone[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006 , 61(1) : 99 -108 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200601010
[1] Zhang Yiping, Liu Yuhong, Ma Youxin et al. A preliminary study on microclimate in the process of the different growth phases of tropical forest. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2002, 26(1): 83-87.
[张一平, 刘玉洪, 马友鑫 等. 热带森林不同生长时期的小气候特征. 南京林业大学学报 (自然科学版), 2002, 26(1): 83-87.]
[2] Yan Junhua, Zhou Guoyi, Wei Qin. Environment of microclimate of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 2000, 18(5): 397-404.
[闫俊华, 周国逸, 韦琴. 鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林小气候特征分析. 武汉植物学研究, 2000, 18(5): 397-404.]
[3] Bai Yuying. Observation on small climate in forest for conserving water in Daqingshan Mt. Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry College, 1999, 21(3): 23-28.
[白育英. 大青山水源涵养林小气候观测研究. 内蒙古林学院学报 (自然科学版), 1999, 21(3): 23-28.]
[4] Federer C A. Spatial variation of net radiation, albedo and surface temperature of forests. J. Appl. Meteorol., 1968, 7: 789-795.
[5] Garrett H E. Spatial and temporal variation in carbon dioxide in an oak-hickry forest ravine. For. Sci., 1978, 24(2): 180-190.
[6] Wang Zhengfei, Zhu Tingyao, Zhu Jinwei. Meteorology of Forest. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1985.
[王正非, 朱廷曜, 朱劲伟. 森林气象学. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1985.]
[7] Richard L. Forest Microclimatology. Translated by Yao Qirun. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1986.
[Richard L. 森林小气候 姚启润 译. 北京: 气象出版社, 1986.]
[8] Kimmins J P. Forest Ecology. Translated by Wen Jianping. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1992
[Kimmins J P. 森林生态学. 文剑平 译. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992.]
[9] Hirose T et al. Canopy structure and photon flux partitioning among species in a herbaceous plant community. Ecol., 1995, 76(2): 466-474.
[10 Tan Shaoman, Huang Jinlong. A preliminary study on microclimate in mixed forest of Eucalyptus torelliana. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1985, 5(3): 241-248.
[谭绍满, 黄金龙. 托里桉混交林小气候特点初探. 生态学报, 1985, 5(3): 241-248.]
[11] Sun Xuefeng, Chen Lingzhi. A preliminary study on the environment of radiation energy of deciduous broad-leaved forest in the w arm temperate zone. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1995, 15(3): 278-286.
[孙雪峰, 陈灵芝. 暖温带落叶阔叶林辐射能量环境初步研究. 生态学报, 1995, 15(3): 278-286.]
[12] Chang Jie, Pan Xiaodong, Ge Ying et al. Features of the micro-climate in the evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus glauca. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1999, 19(1): 68-75.
[常杰, 潘晓东, 葛滢 等. 青冈常绿阔叶林内的小气候特征. 生态学报, 1999, 19(1): 68-75.]
[13] Zhang Yunlin, Qin Boqiang. The basic characteristic and climatological calculation of the photosythetically available radiation in Taihu region. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2002, 23(1): 118-123.
[张运林, 秦伯强. 太湖地区光合有效辐射(PAR)的基本特征及其气候学计算. 太阳能学报, 2002, 23(1): 118-123.]
[14] Britton C M, Dodd J D. Relationships of photosynthetically active radiation and shortwave irradiance. Agricultural Meteorology, 1976, (17): 1-7.
[15] Sivakumar M V K, Virmani S M. Crop productivity in relation to interception of photosynthetically active radiation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1984, (31): 131-141.
[16] Sinclair T R, Lemon E R. Penetration of photosynthetically active radiation in corn canopies. Agronomy Journal, 1974, (66): 201-205.
[17] Sinclair T R, Knoerr K R. Distribution of photosynthetically active radiation in the canopy of a loblolly pine plantation, 1982, (19): 183-191.
[18] Alados I, Olmo F J et al. Estimation of photosynthetically active radiation under cloudy conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, (102): 39-50.
[19] Yann Nouvellon, Agnes Begue et al. PAR extinction in shortgrass ecosystems: effects of clumping sky conditions and soil albedo, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, (105): 21-41.
[20] Xianzhou Zhang, Yiguang Zhang et al. Measuring and modeling photosynthetically active radiation in Tibet Plateau during April- October. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000, (102): 207-212.
[21] Fu Xiaofeng. A study on the oasis coordinating development of economy and environment in arid land. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(2): 197-200.
[傅小锋. 干旱区绿洲发展与环境协调研究. 中国沙漠, 2000, 20(2): 197-200.]
[22] Chen Hesheng, Kang Yuehu, Feng Jinzhao. Preliminary study on the plant growth and water balance in Shapotou area, Tengger Desert. Journal of Desert Research, 1991, 11(2): 1-10.
[陈荷生, 康跃虎, 冯今朝. 腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区植物生长与水分平衡的初步研究. 中国沙漠, 1991, 11(2): 1-10.]
[23] Feng Jinzhao, Huang Zichen, Zhang Chenglie. Advance in quantitative research of environmental plant physiology. Journal of Desert Research, 1997, 17(1): 89-94.
[冯今朝, 黄子琛, 张承烈. 环境植物生理学定量研究的若干进展. 中国沙漠, 1997, 17(1): 89-94.]
[24] Zhang Guosheng. Research progress on trees and shrub drought-resistance and woodland water activity in arid and semi-arid region. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(4): 363-368.
[张国盛. 干旱、半干旱地区乔灌木树种耐盐性及林地水分动态研究进展. 中国沙漠, 2000, 20(4): 363-368.]
[25] Zhang Li, Dong Zengchuan, Huang Xiaoling. Modeling on relation between major plants growth and groundwater depth in arid area. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(1): 110-113.
[张丽, 董增川, 黄晓玲. 干旱典型植物生长与地下水位关系的模型研究. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(1): 110-113.]
[26] Ji Guoliang, Ma Xiaoyan, Zou Jiling. Characteristics of the photosynthetically active radiation over Zhangye region. Plateau Meteorology, 1993, 12(2): 141-146.
[季国良, 马晓燕, 邹基玲. 张掖地区的光合有效辐射特征. 高原气象, 1993, 12(2): 141-146.]
[27] McCree K J. A solarimeter for measuring photosynthetically active radiation. Agric. Meteorol., 1966, (3): 353-366.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |