Changes and Influencing Factors of Surface Water Resources in the Source Region of the Yellow River
Received date: 2006-11-23
Revised date: 2007-01-20
Online published: 2007-03-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40405022; Special Fund for Social Public Welfare of Research Institutes, No.2005DIB3J109
Taking the source region of the Yellow River as a study area and based on the data from Madoi Meteorological Station and Huangheyan Hydrological Station covering the period 1955-2005 in the study area, this paper analyses the changing trends of surface water resources, climate and frozen ground and reveals their causes. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Results show there exist frequent fluctuations from high to low water flow in recent 51 years. Generally speaking, the discharge has shown a declining trend in the 51 years especially since the 1990s. The annual distribution shows one peak which, year on year is getting smaller. (2) Precipitation has a significant and sustained influence on discharge. (3) A sharp rise of temperature in the source region resulted in the increase of evaporation and the decrease of discharge supply, which has a greater effect than on ice-snow melting, as indicated by the fact that the rising spring temperatures played the most important role in this process. (4) Frozen ground tends to be degraded markedly. Permafrost is impermeable so there is a negative correlation between the thickness of the active layer and permeability, whereas there is a significant positive correlation between the permafrost thickness and the discharge. (5) Evaporation rates are significantly increasing, leading to the decrease of discharge. (6) 70% of the discharge reduction resulted from climate change, and the remaining 30% may have been caused by intensified human activities. The major factors influencing the discharge are, in the order of their effects, frozen ground, precipitation, evaporation and temperature. It is evident that permafrost is of utmost importance in the formation and development of surface water resources in the source region of the Yellow River.
CHANG Guogang, LI Lin, ZHU Xide, WANG Zhenyu, XIAO Jianshe, LI Fengxia . Changes and Influencing Factors of Surface Water Resources in the Source Region of the Yellow River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007 , 62(3) : 311 -320 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200703008
[1] Lan Yongchao, Ding Yongjian, Shen Yongping et al. Review on impact of climate change on water resources system in the upper reaches of Yellow River. Advances in Climate Change Research, 2005, 1(3): 122-125.
[蓝永超, 丁永建, 沈永 平等.气候变化对黄河上游水资源系统影响的研究进展. 气候变化研究进展, 2005, 1(3): 122-125.]
[2] Pei Buxiang. Calculation and Measurement of Evaporation and Evapotranspiration. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1989. 87-91.
[裴布祥. 蒸发和蒸散的测定与计算. 北京: 气象出版社, 1989. 87-91.]
[3] Tang Qicheng, Qu Yaoguang, Zhou Yuchao. The Utilization of Hydrology and Water Resources in Arid Areas of China. Beijing: Science Press, 1992. 44-80.
[汤奇成, 曲耀光, 周聿超. 中国干旱区水文及水资源利用. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992. 44-80.]
[4] Li Lin, Wang Qingchun, Zhang Guosheng et al. The influence of climate change on surface water in the upper Yellow River. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(5): 716-722.
[李林, 汪青春, 张国胜等. 黄河上游气候变化对地表水的影 响. 地理学报, 2004, 59(5): 716-722.]
[5] Li Lin, Wang Zhenyu, Qin Ningsheng et al. Analysis of relationship between flow-off amount and its impacting factor over the upper reach of Yangtze River. Journal of Natural Resources, 2004, 19(6): 694-700.
[李林, 王振宇, 秦宁生等. 长江上游径流量变化及其与影响因子关系分析. 自然资源学报, 2004, 19(6): 694-700.]
[6] Shi Yafeng. The Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources over North and Northwest China. Jinan: Shandong Science Press, 1995. 127-141.
[施雅风. 气候变化对西北华北水资源的影响. 济南: 山东科学出版社, 1995. 127-141.]
[7] Wang Suping, Song Lianchun, Han Yongxiang et al. Impacts of climate change on ecological environment in Maqu grassland. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2006, 28(4): 556-561.
[王素萍, 宋连春, 韩永翔等. 玛曲气候变化 对生态环境的影响. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(4): 556-561.]
[8] Zhang Senqi, Wang Yonggui, Zhao Yongzhen et al. The multi-year tjale degeneration and its environment reflection at the source of Yellow River. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2004, 26(1): 1-6.
[张森琦, 王永贵, 赵永真等. 黄 河源区多年冻土退化及其环境反映. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(1): 1-6.]
[9] Li Lin, Li Fengxia, Guo Anhong et al. Study on the climate change trend and its catastrophe over “Sanjiangyuan” region in recent 43 years. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(1): 79-85.
[李林, 李凤霞, 郭安红等. 近43 年来“三 江源”地区气候变化趋势及其突变研究. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(1): 79-85.]
[10] Li Lin, Zhu Xide, Wang Qingchun et al. Study on the some facts of tjale degeneration on Qinghai plateau. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005, 27(3): 320-328.
[李林, 王振宇, 汪青春等. 青海高原冻土退化的若干事实揭示. 冰川冻土, 2005, 27(3): 320-328.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |