Acta Geographica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (11): 2396-2407.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202011009
• Land Use and Agricaltural Development • Previous Articles Next Articles
HUANG Lin1(), ZHAI Jun2(
), ZHU Ping1,3, ZHENG Yuhan1,3
Received:
2019-09-09
Revised:
2020-08-11
Online:
2020-11-25
Published:
2021-01-25
Contact:
ZHAI Jun
E-mail:huanglin@igsnrr.ac.cn;zhaij@lreis.ac.cn
Supported by:
HUANG Lin, ZHAI Jun, ZHU Ping, ZHENG Yuhan. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of livestock-carrying pressure in China and its implications for grassland ecosystem conservation pattern[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(11): 2396-2407.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Tab. 1
Classification types of grassland degradation and restoration according to changes in vegetation coverage
草地类型 | 覆盖度变化(%) | 退化与恢复类型 | 草地类型 | 覆盖度变化(%) | 退化与恢复类型 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
温性草原类 | 减少 | 10~20 | 轻度退化 | 高寒草原类 | 减少 | 10~20 | 轻度退化 |
20~40 | 中度退化 | 20~30 | 中度退化 | ||||
≥ 40 | 重度退化 | ≥ 30 | 重度退化 | ||||
增加 | 10~20 | 轻微好转 | 增加 | 10~20 | 轻微好转 | ||
20~40 | 明显好转 | 20~40 | 明显好转 | ||||
≥ 40 | 极显著好转 | ≥ 40 | 极显著好转 | ||||
温性草甸类 | 减少 | 10~20 | 轻度退化 | 高寒草甸类 | 减少 | 10~20 | 轻度退化 |
20~40 | 中度退化 | 20~40 | 中度退化 | ||||
≥ 30 | 重度退化 | ≥ 40 | 重度退化 | ||||
增加 | 10~20 | 轻微好转 | 增加 | 10~20 | 轻微好转 | ||
20~40 | 明显好转 | 20~40 | 明显好转 | ||||
≥ 30 | 极显著好转 | ≥ 40 | 极显著好转 | ||||
温性荒漠类 | 减少 | 5~15 | 轻度退化 | 高寒荒漠类 | 减少 | 5~10 | 轻度退化 |
15~40 | 中度退化 | 10~20 | 中度退化 | ||||
≥ 40 | 重度退化 | ≥ 20 | 重度退化 | ||||
增加 | 5~15 | 轻微好转 | 增加 | 5~10 | 轻微好转 | ||
15~40 | 明显好转 | 10~20 | 明显好转 | ||||
≥ 40 | 极显著好转 | ≥ 20 | 极显著好转 |
Tab. 2
Statistics of grassland use change in China's pasture regions from 2000 to 2015
区域 | 草地转入(其他类型转换为草地) | 草地转出(草地转换为其他类型) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
森林 | 农田 | 湿地 | 荒漠 | 其他 | 森林 | 农田 | 湿地 | 荒漠 | 其他 | |
西藏 | 1216 | 66 | 323 | 181 | 0 | 267 | 780 | 61529 | 22640 | 4929 |
新疆 | 22143 | 56263 | 75557 | 70652 | 741 | 11544 | 1145914 | 73374 | 19090 | 54571 |
内蒙古 | 69309 | 173376 | 68247 | 366845 | 6307 | 181639 | 292424 | 63375 | 312295 | 184080 |
青海 | 2078 | 7702 | 1635 | 30443 | 214 | 563 | 14951 | 42912 | 84229 | 24563 |
甘肃 | 7579 | 89126 | 5638 | 40042 | 495 | 38003 | 62720 | 4768 | 13877 | 16394 |
合计 | 102325 | 326533 | 151400 | 508163 | 7757 | 232016 | 1516789 | 245958 | 452131 | 284537 |
Tab. 3
Statistics of grassland vegetation coverage change in China's pasture regions from 2000 to 2015
草地类型 | 合计 | 西藏 | 内蒙古 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值(%) | 均值变化(%) | 趋势(%/a) | 均值(%) | 均值变化(%) | 趋势(%/a) | 均值(%) | 均值变化(%) | 趋势(%/a) | |
高寒草原类 | 18.97 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 15.38 | -0.21 | -0.06 | 14.69 | 0.35 | 0.11 |
高寒草甸类 | 53.35 | -0.32 | -0.06 | 45.86 | -0.58 | -0.13 | 53.27 | 1.74 | 0.35 |
高寒荒漠类 | 7.68 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 6.34 | 0.29 | 0.05 | - | - | - |
温性草原类 | 43.62 | 1.59 | 0.28 | 36.78 | -1.16 | -0.24 | 45.03 | 2.13 | 0.36 |
温性草甸类 | 75.88 | -0.99 | -0.19 | 67.58 | -1.31 | -0.23 | 85.27 | 0.54 | 0.07 |
温性荒漠类 | 9.41 | 0.52 | 0.10 | 6.03 | -0.34 | -0.06 | 4.68 | 0.21 | 0.05 |
草地合计 | 9.40 | 0.53 | 0.10 | 28.50 | -0.37 | -0.09 | 29.41 | 1.33 | 0.23 |
草地类型 | 新疆 | 甘肃 | 青海 | ||||||
均值(%) | 均值变化(%) | 趋势(%/a) | 均值(%) | 均值变化(%) | 趋势(%/a) | 均值(%) | 均值变化(%) | 趋势(%/a) | |
高寒草原类 | 25.77 | -0.09 | -0.04 | 17.05 | 1.19 | 0.24 | 29.45 | 1.14 | 0.24 |
高寒草甸类 | 51.60 | -0.76 | -0.17 | 75.32 | -0.05 | 0 | 59.85 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
高寒荒漠类 | 5.41 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 16.67 | 0.93 | 0.2 | 16.75 | 0.49 | 0.10 |
温性草原类 | 43.71 | -1.19 | -0.22 | 40.94 | 3.34 | 0.67 | 37.48 | 2.03 | 0.42 |
温性草甸类 | 76.41 | -2.82 | -0.55 | 80.17 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 65.60 | 0.66 | 0.16 |
温性荒漠类 | 13.70 | 0.67 | 0.13 | 7.29 | 0.75 | 0.13 | 9.58 | 0.77 | 0.16 |
草地合计 | 28.17 | -0.11 | -0.02 | 35.07 | 1.19 | 0.23 | 35.07 | 1.19 | 0.23 |
Tab. 4
Statistics of grassland degradation and restoration in China's pasture regions
草地退化/ 恢复类型 | 合计 | 西藏 | 内蒙古 | 新疆 | 甘肃 | 青海 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | 面积(hm2) | 比例(%) | |
重度退化 | 44400 | 0.02 | 30200 | 0.03 | 4700 | 0.01 | 7100 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.00 | 2400 | 0.01 |
中度退化 | 582000 | 0.21 | 331500 | 0.38 | 145400 | 0.18 | 70300 | 0.14 | 9400 | 0.05 | 25400 | 0.07 |
轻度退化 | 17709300 | 6.51 | 6751400 | 7.65 | 6602300 | 8.38 | 2599400 | 5.07 | 542600 | 3.14 | 1210100 | 3.32 |
退化合计 | 18335700 | 6.74 | 7113100 | 8.06 | 6752400 | 8.57 | 2676800 | 5.22 | 552000 | 3.19 | 1237900 | 3.40 |
轻微恢复 | 11927000 | 4.38 | 1562500 | 1.77 | 3278400 | 4.16 | 5324500 | 10.38 | 1182900 | 6.84 | 574800 | 1.58 |
明显恢复 | 2147100 | 0.79 | 326600 | 0.37 | 208000 | 0.26 | 1411800 | 2.75 | 159500 | 0.92 | 40400 | 0.11 |
极显著恢复 | 487900 | 0.18 | 62900 | 0.07 | 17000 | 0.02 | 386900 | 0.75 | 13800 | 0.08 | 7200 | 0.02 |
恢复合计 | 14562000 | 5.35 | 1952000 | 2.21 | 3503400 | 4.45 | 7123200 | 13.89 | 1356200 | 7.84 | 622400 | 1.71 |
Tab. 5
Statistics of forage yield for different grasslands in China's pasture regions from 2000 to 2015
草地类型 | 全研究区 | 西藏 | 内蒙古 | 新疆 | 甘肃 | 青海 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值(kg/hm2) | 趋势(kg/hm2·a) | 均值(kg/hm2) | 趋势(kg/hm2·a) | 均值(kg/hm2) | 趋势(kg/hm2·a) | 均值(kg/hm2) | 趋势(kg/hm2·a) | 均值(kg/hm2) | 趋势(kg/hm2·a) | 均值(kg/hm2) | 趋势(kg/hm2·a) | ||||||
高寒草原类 | 20.23 | 0.13 | 19.72 | 0.1 | 20.52 | 0.56 | 12.04 | -0.02 | 10.82 | 0.02 | 28.78 | 0.43 | |||||
高寒草甸类 | 49.98 | 0.33 | 44.04 | 0.17 | 48.19 | 0.79 | 25.41 | -0.23 | 78.97 | 0.71 | 57.69 | 0.57 | |||||
高寒荒漠类 | 15.79 | 0.13 | 16.07 | 0.2 | - | - | 9.41 | 0.11 | 13.22 | -0.18 | 22.29 | -0.24 | |||||
温性草原类 | 42.75 | 0.43 | 36.41 | -0.03 | 44.7 | 0.54 | 34.06 | -0.12 | 46.92 | 0.68 | 43.37 | 0.8 | |||||
温性草甸类 | 48.2 | 0.37 | 61.75 | 0.16 | 55.84 | 0.54 | 35.43 | 0.1 | 63.57 | 0.68 | 37.22 | 0.35 | |||||
温性荒漠类 | 14.8 | 0.15 | 11.33 | 0.07 | 12.38 | 0.14 | 17.24 | 0.14 | 12.93 | 0.15 | 16.8 | 0.22 | |||||
草地合计 | 33.38 | 0.27 | 28.37 | 0.13 | 37.62 | 0.43 | 23.89 | 0.04 | 38.13 | 0.44 | 45.99 | 0.5 |
[1] | Zhou Huakun, Zhao Xinquan, Zhou Li, et al. A study on correlations between vegetation degradation and soil degradation in the alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005,14(3):31-40. |
[ 周华坤, 赵新全, 周立, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究. 草业学报, 2005,14(3):31-40.] | |
[2] | Du Jizeng, Wang Genxu, Li Yuanshou. Rate and causes of degradation of alpine grassland in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers during the last 45 years. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015,24(6):5-15. |
[ 杜际增, 王根绪, 李元寿. 近45年长江黄河源区高寒草地退化特征及成因分析. 草业学报, 2015,24(6):5-15.] | |
[3] |
Yang Feng, Qian Yurong, Li Jianlong, et al. Degradation characteristics and causes of desert grassland in the Northern Tianshan Mountains. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011,26(8):1306-1314.
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.08.010 |
[ 杨峰, 钱育蓉, 李建龙, 等. 天山北坡典型荒漠草地退化特征及其成因. 自然资源学报, 2011,26(8):1306-1314.] | |
[4] |
Liu Jiyuan, Xu Xinliang, Shao Quanqin. The spatial and temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in the Three- River Headwaters Region in Qinghai Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008,63(4):364-376.
doi: 10.11821/xb200804001 |
[ 刘纪远, 徐新良, 邵全琴. 近30年来青海三江源地区草地退化的时空特征. 地理学报, 2008,63(4):364-376.] | |
[5] | Zhou Huakun, Yao Buqing, Yu Long. Degradation Succession and Ecological Restoration of Alpine Grassland in the Sanjiangyuan Area. Beijing: Science Press, 2016. |
[ 周华坤, 姚步青, 于龙. 三江源区高寒草地退化演替与生态恢复. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016.] | |
[6] | Liu Honglai, Lu Weihua, Chen Chao. Research progress of grassland degraded succession and diagnosis. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011,19(5):865-871. |
[ 刘洪来, 鲁为华, 陈超. 草地退化演替过程及诊断研究进展. 草地学报, 2011,19(5):865-871.] | |
[7] | Wu Xing, Li Huixia, Fu Bojie, et al. Study on soil characteristics of alpine grassland in different degradation levels in headwater regions of Three Rivers in China. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2013,35(3):77-84. |
[ 伍星, 李辉霞, 傅伯杰, 等. 三江源地区高寒草地不同退化程度土壤特征研究. 中国草地学报, 2013,35(3):77-84.] | |
[8] | Shang Zhanhuan, Ding Lingling, Long Ruijun, et al. Relationship between soil microorganisms, above-ground vegetation, and soil environment of degraded alpine meadows in the headwater areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2007,16(1):34-40. |
[ 尚占环, 丁玲玲, 龙瑞军, 等. 江河源区退化高寒草地土壤微生物与地上植被及土壤环境的关系. 草业学报, 2007,16(1):34-40.] | |
[9] | Zhang Fawei, Wang Junbang, Li Yikang, et al. Response of ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration to degradation gradients in an alpine Kobresia Meadow. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2016,38(1):34-40. |
[ 张法伟, 王军邦, 李以康, 等. 高寒嵩草草甸不同退化梯度下生态系统光合和呼吸响应特征. 中国草地学报, 2016,38(1):34-40.] | |
[10] | Liu Honglai, Zhu Jinzhong, Jin Guili, et al. Characteristic analysis of Seriphidium transillense Poljak. desert grasslands at different degraded stages in the Northern Tianshan Mountains. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009,17(4):419-427. |
[ 刘洪来, 朱进忠, 靳瑰丽, 等. 天山北坡伊犁绢蒿荒漠不同退化阶段草地特征分析. 草地学报, 2009,17(4):419-427.] | |
[11] | Wen Jun, Zhou Huakun, Yao Buqing, et al. Characteristics of soil respiration in different degraded alpine grassland in the source region of Three-River. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014,38(2):209-218. |
[ 温军, 周华坤, 姚步青, 等. 三江源区不同退化程度高寒草原土壤呼吸特征. 植物生态学报, 2014,38(2):209-218.] | |
[12] | Hu Lei, Wang Changting, Wang Genxu, et al. Changes in the activities of soil enzymes and microbial community structure at different degradation successional stages of alpine meadows in the headwater region of Three Rivers, China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014,23(3):8-19. |
[ 胡雷, 王长庭, 王根绪, 等. 三江源区不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化. 草业学报, 2014,23(3):8-19.] | |
[13] | Feng Ruizhang, Zhou Wanhai, Long Ruijun, et al. Characteristics of soil physical, chemical and biological properties on degraded alpine meadows in the headwater areas of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010,41(2):263-269. |
[ 冯瑞章, 周万海, 龙瑞军, 等. 江河源区不同退化程度高寒草地土壤物理、化学及生物学特征研究. 土壤通报, 2010,41(2):263-269.] | |
[14] | Li Xiaoyan, Dong Shikui, Zhu Lei, et al. Net carbon dioxide exchange of plant communities on degraded and restored alpine grasslands in headwater area of Three Rivers in China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010,29(10):1944-1949. |
[ 李小艳, 董世魁, 朱磊, 等. 三江源区高寒草地退化与恢复过程中二氧化碳净交换特征. 生态学杂志, 2010,29(10):1944-1949.] | |
[15] |
Xu Cui, Zhang Linbo, Du Jiaqiang, et al. Impact of alpine meadow degradation on soil water conservation in the source region of three rivers. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(8):2388-2399.
doi: 10.5846/stxb |
[ 徐翠, 张林波, 杜加强, 等. 三江源区高寒草甸退化对土壤水源涵养功能的影响. 生态学报, 2013,33(8):2388-2399.] | |
[16] | Huang L, Xu X, Shao Q, et al. Improving carbon mitigation potential through grassland ecosystem restoration under climatic change in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Advances in Meteorology, 2014,379306. Doi: 10.1155/2014/379306. |
[17] | Wang Wenying, Wang Qiji. The structure and plant species diversity of the degraded ecosystems in alpine Kobresia meadow. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2001,10(3):8-14. |
[ 王文颖, 王启基. 高寒嵩草草甸退化生态系统植物群落结构特征及物种多样性分析. 草业学报, 2001,10(3):8-14.] | |
[18] |
Huang L, Xiao T, Zhao Z, et al. Effects of grassland restoration programs on ecosystems in arid and semiarid China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2013,117:268-275.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.040 pmid: 23391757 |
[19] | Ma Wenhong, Yang Yuanhe, He Jinsheng, et al. Above-and belowground biomass in relation to environmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia. Science in China Series C-Life Science, 2008,38(1):84-92. |
[ 马文红, 杨元合, 贺金生, 等. 内蒙古温带草地生物量及其与环境因子的关系. 中国科学C辑: 生命科学, 2008,38(1):84-92.] | |
[20] |
Bai Y F, Wu J G, Xing Q, et al. Primary production and rain use efficiency across a precipitation gradient on the Mongolia Plateau. Ecology, 2008,89:2140-2153.
doi: 10.1890/07-0992.1 pmid: 18724724 |
[21] | Fang J Y, Piao S L, Zhou L M, et al. Precipitation patterns alter growth of temperate vegetation. Geophysical Research Letters, 2005,32:L21411. Doi: 10.1029/2005GL024231. |
[22] | Shen Haihua, Zhu Yankun, Zhao Xia, et al. Analysis of current grassland resources in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016,61(2):139-154. |
[ 沈海花, 朱言坤, 赵霞, 等. 中国草地资源的现状分析. 科学通报, 2016,61(2):139-154.] | |
[23] | Ma W, He J S, Yang Y, et al. Environmental factors covary with plant diversity-productivity relationships among Chinese grassland sites. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2010,19(2):233-243. |
[24] | Fan Jiangwen, Shao Quanqin, Wang Junbang, et al. An analysis of temporal-spatial dynamics of grazing pressure on grassland in Three Rivers Headwater Region. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2011,33(3):64-72. |
[ 樊江文, 邵全琴, 王军邦, 等. 三江源草地载畜压力时空动态分析. 中国草地学报, 2011,33(3):64-72.] | |
[25] |
Qian Shuan, Mao Liuxi, Hou Yingyu, et al. Livestock carrying capacity and balance between carrying capacity of grassland with added forage and actual livestock in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2007,22(3):389-397.
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2007.03.008 |
[ 钱拴, 毛留喜, 侯英雨, 等. 青藏高原载畜能力及草畜平衡状况研究. 自然资源学报, 2007,22(3):389-397.] | |
[26] | Li Yinpeng, Ji Jinjun. Assessment of the productivity and livestock carrying capacity of Inner Mongolia grassland by regional scale modeling. Journal of Natural Resources, 2004,19(5):610-616. |
[ 李银鹏, 季劲钧. 内蒙古草地生产力资源和载畜量的区域尺度模式评估. 自然资源学报, 2004,19(5):610-616.] | |
[27] | Wang Yanfen, Wang Shiping. Influence of different stocking rates on belowground biomass in Inner Mongolia steppe. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 1999,7(3):198-203. |
[ 王艳芬, 汪诗平. 不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原地下生物量的影响. 草地学报, 1999,7(3):198-203.] | |
[28] | Ma Yushou, Zhou Huakun, Shao Xinqing, et al. Recovery techniques and demonstration of degraded alpine ecosystems in the source region of three rivers. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016,36(22):7078-7082. |
[ 马玉寿, 周华坤, 邵新庆, 等. 三江源区退化高寒生态系统恢复技术与示范. 生态学报, 2016,36(22):7078-7082.] | |
[29] | Sun Lei, Wang Xiangtao, Wei Xuehong, et al. Effects of restoration measures on vegetation features of alpine degraded grassland of Amdo County in Tibet. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2012,20(4):616-620. |
[ 孙磊, 王向涛, 魏学红, 等. 不同恢复措施对西藏安多高寒退化草地植被的影响. 草地学报, 2012,20(4):616-620.] | |
[30] | Cheng Jimin, Jing Zhaobin, Jin Jingwei, et al. Restoration and utilization mechanism of degraded grassland in the semi-arid region of Loess Plateau. Science in China Series C-Life Science, 2014,44(3):267-279. |
[ 程积民, 井赵斌, 金晶炜, 等. 黄土高原半干旱区退化草地恢复与利用过程研究. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2014,44(3):267-279.] | |
[31] | Xu Xinliang, Wang Liang, Li Jing, et al. Analysis of the grassland restoration trend and degradation situation in the "Three-River Headwaters" region since the implementation of the ecological project. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2017,19(1):50-58. |
[ 徐新良, 王靓, 李静, 等. 三江源生态工程实施以来草地恢复态势及现状分析. 地球信息科学学报, 2017,19(1):50-58.] | |
[32] | Li Yuanyuan, Dong Shikui, Li Xiaoyan, et al. Effect of grassland enclosure on vegetation composition and production in Headwater of Yellow River. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2012,20(2):275-279. |
[ 李媛媛, 董世魁, 李小艳, 等. 围栏封育对黄河源区退化高寒草地植被组成及生物量的影响. 草地学报, 2012,20(2):275-279.] | |
[33] | Shan Guilian, Xue Shiming, Chen Gong, et al. Influence of seasonal exclosure on vegetation restoration in typical steppe, Inner Mongolia. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2012,20(5):812-818. |
[ 单贵莲, 薛世明, 陈功, 等. 季节性围封对内蒙古典型草原植被恢复的影响. 草地学报, 2012,20(5):812-818.] | |
[34] | Xiao Jinyu, Pu Xiaopeng, Xu Changlin. Effects of grazing prohibition on restoration of degraded grassland. Pratacultural Science, 2015,32(1):138-145. |
[ 肖金玉, 蒲小鹏, 徐长林. 禁牧对退化草地恢复的作用. 草业科学, 2015,32(1):138-145.] | |
[35] | Xu Minyun. A review of grassland carrying capacity: Perspective and dilemma for research in China on "forage-livestock balance". Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014,23(5):321-329. |
[ 徐敏云. 草地载畜量研究进展: 中国草畜平衡研究困境与展望. 草业学报, 2014,23(5):321-329.] | |
[36] | Zhang Liangxia, Fan Jiangwen, Shao Quanqin, et al. Changes in grassland yield and grazing pressure in the Three Rivers headwater region before and after the implementation of the eco-restoration project. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014,23(5):116-123. |
[ 张良侠, 樊江文, 邵全琴, 等. 生态工程前后三江源草地产草量与载畜压力的变化分析. 草业学报, 2014,23(5):116-123.] | |
[37] | Huang Fuxiang, Gao Qiong, Zhao Shiyong. The concept of carrying capacity on ecological angle of view. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2000,9(3):48-57. |
[ 黄富祥, 高琼, 赵世勇. 生态学视角下的草地载畜量概念. 草业学报, 2000,9(3):48-57.] | |
[38] | Chang Huiqin, Xu Wenyong, Yuan Jie, et al. Current situation of grassland resources and grazing capacity in Ali, Tibet. Pratacultural Science, 2012,29(11):1660-1664. |
[ 畅慧勤, 徐文勇, 袁杰, 等. 西藏阿里草地资源现状及载畜量. 草业科学, 2012,29(11):1660-1664.] | |
[39] | Liao Shunbao, Qin Yaochen. A spatialization method for survey data of theoretical stock-carrying capacity of grassland in China and its application. Geographical Research, 2014,33(1):179-190. |
[ 廖顺宝, 秦耀辰. 草地理论载畜量调查数据空间化方法及应用. 地理研究, 2014,33(1):179-190.] | |
[40] | Dong Shikui, Wu Xiaoyu, Liu Shiliang, et al. Estimation of ecological carrying capacity for wild yak, kiang, and Tibetan antelope based on habitat suitability in the Aerjin Mountain Nature Reserve, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015,35(23):7598-7607. |
[ 董世魁, 武晓宇, 刘世梁, 等. 阿尔金山自然保护区基于野牦牛、藏野驴、藏羚羊适宜栖息地的生态容量估测. 生态学报, 2015,35(23):7598-7607.] | |
[41] | Yang Fan, Shao Quanqin, Guo Xingjian, et al. Effects of wild large herbivore populations on the grassland-livestock balance in Maduo County. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018,27(7):1-13. |
[ 杨帆, 邵全琴, 郭兴健, 等. 玛多县大型野生食草动物种群数量对草畜平衡的影响研究. 草业学报, 2018,27(7):1-13.] | |
[42] |
Gao Qingzhu, Li Yu'e, Lin Erda, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of grassland degradation in Northern Tibet. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005,60(6):965-973.
doi: 10.11821/xb200506009 |
[ 高清竹, 李玉娥, 林而达, 等. 藏北地区草地退化的时空分布特征. 地理学报, 2005,60(6):965-973.] | |
[43] |
Yan Yan, Alatengtuya, Hu Yunfeng, et al. The tendency and its spatial pattern of grassland changes in the east Xilin Gol from 1975 to 2009. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2011,13(4):549-555.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2011.00549 |
[ 艳燕, 阿拉腾图雅, 胡云锋, 等. 1975—2009年锡林郭勒盟东部地区草地退化态势及其空间格局分析. 地球信息科学学报, 2011,13(4):549-555.] | |
[44] |
Liu Jiyuan, Ning Jia, Kuang Wenhui, et al. Spatio-temporal patterns and characteristics of land-use change in China during 2010-2015. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018,73(5):789-802.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201805001 |
[ 刘纪远, 宁佳, 匡文慧, 等. 2010—2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征. 地理学报, 2018,73(5):789-802.] | |
[45] | Fan Jiangwen, Shao Quanqin, Liu Jiyuan, et al. Dynamic changes of grassland yield in Three River Headwater Region from 1988 to 2005. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2010,18(1):5-10. |
[ 樊江文, 邵全琴, 刘纪远, 等. 1988—2005年三江源草地产草量变化动态分析. 草地学报, 2010,18(1):5-10.] | |
[46] | Chen Pengfei. Monthly NPP Dataset Covering China's Terrestrial Ecosystems at North of 18°N (1985-2015). Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery, 2019,3(1):34-41. |
[ 陈鹏飞. 北纬18°以北中国陆地生态系统逐月净初级生产力1公里栅格数据集(1985—2015). 全球变化数据学报, 2019,3(1):34-41.] | |
[47] |
Ma Anna, Yu Guirui, He Nianpeng, et al. Above and below ground biomass relationships in China's grassland vegetation. Quaternary Sciences, 2014,34(4):769-776.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2014.04.09 |
[ 马安娜, 于贵瑞, 何念鹏, 等. 中国草地植被地上和地下生物量的关系分析. 第四纪研究, 2014,34(4):769-776.] | |
[48] | Department of agriculture and animal husbandry of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Grassland Monitoring Report of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 2018. |
[ 内蒙古自治区农牧业厅. 内蒙古自治区草原监测报告. 2018.] | |
[49] | Li Gang, Sun Weilin, Zhang Hua, et al. Balance between actual number of livestock and livestock carrying capacity of grassland after added forage of straw based on remote sensing in Tibetan Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014,30(17):200-211. |
[ 李刚, 孙炜琳, 张华, 等. 基于秸秆补饲的青藏高原草地载畜量平衡遥感监测. 农业工程学报, 2014,30(17):200-211.] | |
[50] | Yang Zhengli, Yang Gaihe. Potential productivity and livestock carrying capacity of high-frigid grassland in China. Resources Science, 2000,22(4):72-77. |
[ 杨正礼, 杨改河. 中国高寒草地生产潜力与载畜量研究. 资源科学, 2000,22(4):72-77.] | |
[51] |
Fan J W, Shao Q Q, Liu J Y, et al. Assessment of effects of climate change and grazing activity on grassland yield in the three rivers headwaters region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010,170(1-4):571-584.
doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-1258-1 |
[52] | Zhang Yaxian, Fan Jiangwen, Zhang Haiyan, et al. A method for calculating the suitable monthly carrying capacity of seasonal pasture: Taking Heriheng Village, Henan County, Qinghai Province as example. Pratacultural Science, 2018,35(5):1308-1314. |
[ 张雅娴, 樊江文, 张海燕, 等. 关于季节放牧地月适宜载畜量计算方法的探讨: 以青海省荷日恒村为例. 草业科学, 2018,35(5):1308-1314.] |
No related articles found! |